Questions and Answers
What does salience refer to in multicultural psychology?
How does our textbook define culture?
The values, beliefs, and practices of a group of people that are shared through symbols and passed down from generation to generation.
Which definitions of culture are included in narrow culture definitions?
Which definitions of culture are included in broad culture definitions?
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What does social construction refer to?
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What is essentialism in multicultural psychology?
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How does our textbook define ethnicity?
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What is intersectionality?
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What is multicultural psychology?
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What are the forces that have changed the direction of psychology?
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What is the biopsychosocial model?
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What are the major tenets of multicultural psychology?
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What is critical consciousness?
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Why is multicultural psychology important?
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What were some issues in the 19th-century scientific approaches to race?
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What was the objective behind the eugenics movement?
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Who is Evelyn Hooker and what was her contribution?
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How does psychology intersect with sociohistorical context?
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Match the following values of the APA's Ethical Principles of Psychologists:
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What is multicultural competence?
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Study Notes
Key Concepts in Multicultural Psychology
- Salience: Refers to the importance of identity, which can change depending on the situation.
- Culture: Defined as shared values, beliefs, and practices of a group, often unrecognized due to its pervasive nature. Analogy of fish in water illustrates this invisibility.
- Narrow Culture Definitions: Focus strictly on race, ethnicity, and nationality.
- Broad Culture Definitions: Encompass a wider range of factors including ability, age, religion, and social class for a more inclusive understanding.
Social Constructs and Categories
- Social Construction: Social categories are viewed as products of specific historical and cultural contexts, indicating that they are not universal.
- Essentialism: Opposite of social construction, asserting that social categories are natural or biologically inherent.
- Ethnicity: A mix of race and culture, providing a more complex identity understanding.
Intersectionality and Identity
- Intersectionality: Addresses how different group memberships and systems of privilege or oppression converge, influencing individual experiences and perspectives.
Role of Multicultural Psychology
- Multicultural Psychology: Examines behavior in diverse cultural settings, focusing on inclusion, sensitivity, and equity. Recognized as a "fourth force" in psychology that shifts the field's direction.
- Forces of Psychology: Consists of psychoanalysis, behaviorism, humanism, and multiculturalism, each shaping psychological practice.
Research and Methodology
- Cross-Cultural Psychology: Involves comparative studies across different cultures to understand variations in behavior.
- Biopsychosocial Model: Behavior is influenced by biological, cognitive-affective, social-interpersonal, social institutional, and cultural contexts.
Core Tenets
- Major Tenets of Multicultural Psychology: A meta-theoretical approach where culture significantly influences self-esteem and interpersonal attitudes. Effective therapy incorporates cultural considerations, aiming for liberation and critical consciousness.
- Critical Consciousness: Awareness of social, political, and economic contradictions, prompting action against oppressive realities.
Importance of Multicultural Psychology
- Acknowledges that not all human experiences are universal. Emphasizes the need for cultural competency to conduct ethical and effective psychological practice.
Historical Context and Misconceptions
- Values of Time Influencing Science: Historical prejudices, such as craniology, misused scientific methods to support theories of racial inferiority.
- Mazes Bright and Dull Rats: Research misinterpreted to suggest hereditary intelligence differences, demonstrating flawed use of animal studies to draw conclusions about human groups.
Social Issues in Psychology
- Eugenics: Movement aimed at improving racial qualities through reproduction control, which had harmful practices such as sterilization and segregation.
- Same-Sex Relationships: Historically stigmatized, highlighting social constructions of sexual orientation and changing perceptions in psychology.
- Evelyn Hooker's Research: Challenged the notion of homosexuality as a mental illness, revealing no adjustment differences between heterosexual and homosexual men.
Ethical Framework and Competence
- APA's Ethical Principles: Include beneficence, fidelity, justice, and respect for rights and dignity, guiding ethical practice in psychology.
- Multicultural Competence: Essential knowledge and awareness about one's own and others' cultural perspectives to foster effective psychological practice.
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Description
Explore key concepts in Multicultural Psychology with these flashcards. Learn essential terms such as 'salience' and 'culture' to deepen your understanding of identity and cultural dynamics. Perfect for students looking to grasp the fundamental ideas of this field.
