Multicultural Psychology Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What does salience refer to in multicultural psychology?

The quality of being important (correct)

The quality of being universal

The quality of being unimportant

The quality of being invisible

How does our textbook define culture?

The values, beliefs, and practices of a group of people that are shared through symbols and passed down from generation to generation.

Which definitions of culture are included in narrow culture definitions?

Gender

Nationality (correct)

Ability

Race (correct)

Which definitions of culture are included in broad culture definitions?

Religion Signup and view all the answers

What does social construction refer to?

The idea that social categories are products of particular historical and cultural understandings. Signup and view all the answers

What is essentialism in multicultural psychology?

The idea that social categories are natural or inherent. Signup and view all the answers

How does our textbook define ethnicity?

A combination of race and culture. Signup and view all the answers

What is intersectionality?

When multiple socially constructed group memberships and systems of privilege or oppression intersect. Signup and view all the answers

What is multicultural psychology?

The systematic study of behavior, cognition, and affect in settings where people of different backgrounds interact. Signup and view all the answers

What are the forces that have changed the direction of psychology?

Behaviorism Signup and view all the answers

What is the biopsychosocial model?

A model that posits behavior occurs within a cultural context involving biological, cognitive-affective, social-interpersonal, social institutional, and cultural factors. Signup and view all the answers

What are the major tenets of multicultural psychology?

Multiple and dynamic identities; salience of culture; importance of cultural considerations in therapy; expansion beyond traditional roles. Signup and view all the answers

What is critical consciousness?

Learning to perceive social, political, and economic contradictions and taking part in actions against oppression. Signup and view all the answers

Why is multicultural psychology important?

It helps us understand human behavior, emphasizes the need to consider diverse perspectives, and promotes ethical psychology. Signup and view all the answers

What were some issues in the 19th-century scientific approaches to race?

Experimenter bias, expectancy effects, data tampering, and a lack of peer review. Signup and view all the answers

What was the objective behind the eugenics movement?

To improve future generations' racial qualities under social control. Signup and view all the answers

Who is Evelyn Hooker and what was her contribution?

She provided evidence that homosexuality is not a mental illness by comparing well-adjusted gay men to heterosexual men. Signup and view all the answers

How does psychology intersect with sociohistorical context?

Psychology is influenced by sociohistorical context, biases, beliefs, and it has implications for social institutions and individual lives. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following values of the APA's Ethical Principles of Psychologists:

Beneficence and Nonmaleficence = No harm Fidelity and Responsibility = Establish trust and be aware of responsibilities Justice = Fairness and access to psychology Respect for People's Rights and Dignity = Rights, privacy, and self-determination Signup and view all the answers

What is multicultural competence?

The knowledge, skills, and awareness related to multiculturalism, including self-awareness and understanding others' world views. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Key Concepts in Multicultural Psychology

Salience: Refers to the importance of identity, which can change depending on the situation.
Culture: Defined as shared values, beliefs, and practices of a group, often unrecognized due to its pervasive nature. Analogy of fish in water illustrates this invisibility.
Narrow Culture Definitions: Focus strictly on race, ethnicity, and nationality.
Broad Culture Definitions: Encompass a wider range of factors including ability, age, religion, and social class for a more inclusive understanding.

Social Construction: Social categories are viewed as products of specific historical and cultural contexts, indicating that they are not universal.
Essentialism: Opposite of social construction, asserting that social categories are natural or biologically inherent.
Ethnicity: A mix of race and culture, providing a more complex identity understanding.

Intersectionality and Identity

Intersectionality: Addresses how different group memberships and systems of privilege or oppression converge, influencing individual experiences and perspectives.

Role of Multicultural Psychology

Multicultural Psychology: Examines behavior in diverse cultural settings, focusing on inclusion, sensitivity, and equity. Recognized as a "fourth force" in psychology that shifts the field's direction.
Forces of Psychology: Consists of psychoanalysis, behaviorism, humanism, and multiculturalism, each shaping psychological practice.

Research and Methodology

Cross-Cultural Psychology: Involves comparative studies across different cultures to understand variations in behavior.
Biopsychosocial Model: Behavior is influenced by biological, cognitive-affective, social-interpersonal, social institutional, and cultural contexts.

Core Tenets

Major Tenets of Multicultural Psychology: A meta-theoretical approach where culture significantly influences self-esteem and interpersonal attitudes. Effective therapy incorporates cultural considerations, aiming for liberation and critical consciousness.
Critical Consciousness: Awareness of social, political, and economic contradictions, prompting action against oppressive realities.

Importance of Multicultural Psychology

Acknowledges that not all human experiences are universal. Emphasizes the need for cultural competency to conduct ethical and effective psychological practice.

Historical Context and Misconceptions

Values of Time Influencing Science: Historical prejudices, such as craniology, misused scientific methods to support theories of racial inferiority.
Mazes Bright and Dull Rats: Research misinterpreted to suggest hereditary intelligence differences, demonstrating flawed use of animal studies to draw conclusions about human groups.

Eugenics: Movement aimed at improving racial qualities through reproduction control, which had harmful practices such as sterilization and segregation.
Same-Sex Relationships: Historically stigmatized, highlighting social constructions of sexual orientation and changing perceptions in psychology.
Evelyn Hooker's Research: Challenged the notion of homosexuality as a mental illness, revealing no adjustment differences between heterosexual and homosexual men.

Ethical Framework and Competence

APA's Ethical Principles: Include beneficence, fidelity, justice, and respect for rights and dignity, guiding ethical practice in psychology.
Multicultural Competence: Essential knowledge and awareness about one's own and others' cultural perspectives to foster effective psychological practice.

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Description

Explore key concepts in Multicultural Psychology with these flashcards. Learn essential terms such as 'salience' and 'culture' to deepen your understanding of identity and cultural dynamics. Perfect for students looking to grasp the fundamental ideas of this field.