Multicultural Psychology Chapter 1 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is the definition of multicultural psychology?

The systematic study of behavior, cognitions, and affect in settings where people of different backgrounds interact.

What is culture?

The values, beliefs, and practices of a group of people, shared through symbols, and passed down from generation to generation.

List the six uses of culture.

Descriptive, Historical, Normative, Psychological, Structural, Genetic.

What does descriptive culture refer to?

Specific behaviors and activities associated with culture. Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by historical culture?

A group's heritage and traditions. Signup and view all the answers

Define normative culture.

The rules that govern the behavior of a group. Signup and view all the answers

What does psychological culture emphasize?

Behavioral processes. Signup and view all the answers

What does structural culture reflect?

The organizational elements of a culture. Signup and view all the answers

What does genetic culture refer to?

The origins of a culture. Signup and view all the answers

What is a narrow definition of culture?

Limited to race, ethnicity, and/or nationality. Signup and view all the answers

What is a broad definition of culture?

Any and all potentially salient ethnographic, demographic, status, or affiliation identities. Signup and view all the answers

Give examples of the broad definition of culture.

Language, gender, ethnicity, race, spirituality, sexual preference, age, physical issues, socioeconomic status. Signup and view all the answers

What are worldviews?

A psychological perception of the environment that determines how we think, behave, and feel. Signup and view all the answers

What is the biological concept of race?

The perspective that a race is a group of people who share a specific combination of physical, genetically inherited characteristics that distinguish them from other groups. Signup and view all the answers

Genetic studies indicate human beings have more genetic than .

similarities than differences. Signup and view all the answers

What is the sociocultural concept of race?

The perspective that characteristics, values, and behaviors associated with groups of people serve the social purpose of providing a way for outsiders to view another group and for members of a group to perceive themselves. Signup and view all the answers

Define ethnicity.

Refers to the group to which people belong, and/or are perceived to belong, as a result of shared characteristics, including geographical and ancestral origins, but particularly cultural traditions and languages. Signup and view all the answers

What does intersectionality refer to?

The meaningful ways in which various social statuses (e.g., race, gender, social class) interact and result in differing experiences with oppression and privilege. Signup and view all the answers

Define culture contact.

Critical incidents in which people from different cultures come into social contact with one another through living and working together or visiting other countries. Signup and view all the answers

What is tolerance?

A fair, open, and objective attitude toward people and ideas that differ from yours. Signup and view all the answers

Define respect.

To value, appreciate, and show regard or consideration for differences. Signup and view all the answers

What does inclusion mean?

Active efforts to reverse the historical exclusion of certain groups in society. Signup and view all the answers

Define sensitivity in the context of culture.

Awareness that cultural differences exist and taking these differences into account in interactions. Signup and view all the answers

What is equity?

Equal access to opportunities and resources, including providing extra assistance to those historically lacking access. Signup and view all the answers

What does empowerment mean?

Helping members of marginalized and mistreated groups stand up for their rights. Signup and view all the answers

Define social justice.

Efforts aimed at providing equal distribution of rights, privileges, opportunities, and resources within a society. Signup and view all the answers

What does social change refer to?

Widespread change in the institutions, behaviors, and relationships within a society. Signup and view all the answers

What is equality?

Assumes that everyone is equal, such as everyone's vote in an election counts the same as everyone else's vote. Signup and view all the answers

Equity recognizes _ and _, and helps to provide.

differences and injustices. Signup and view all the answers

What is MCT Theory?

MCT is a meta-theory of counseling and psychotherapy. Signup and view all the answers

What does the first proposition of MCT Theory state?

MCT is a meta-theory of counseling and psychotherapy. Signup and view all the answers

State the second proposition of MCT Theory.

Both counselor and client are formed and embedded in multiple levels of experiences and contexts, which influence the therapy process. Signup and view all the answers

What does the third proposition of MCT Theory emphasize?

Development of cultural identity is a major determinant of counselor and client attitudes toward all within and without one's cultural group. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the fourth proposition of MCT Theory.

The effectiveness of MCT theory is most likely enhanced when the counselor uses modalities and defines goals consistent with the life experiences and cultural values of the client. Signup and view all the answers

What does the fifth proposition of MCT Theory state?

MCT theory stresses the importance of multiple helping roles developed by many culturally different groups and societies. Signup and view all the answers

What is the sixth proposition of MCT Theory?

The liberation of consciousness is a basic goal of MCT theory. Signup and view all the answers

Define eugenics.

A movement that maintains that only 'good genes' should be passed from generation to generation and that 'undesirable' groups should be dissuaded from reproducing. Signup and view all the answers

What is the first multicultural guideline?

Recognize that their attitudes and beliefs can detrimentally influence perceptions of and interactions with ethnically and racially different people. Signup and view all the answers

State the second multicultural guideline.

Recognize that multicultural sensitivity, knowledge, and understanding are important. Signup and view all the answers

What does the third multicultural guideline emphasize?

Employ the constructs of multiculturalism and diversity in psychological education. Signup and view all the answers

What is the fourth multicultural guideline?

Recognize the importance of conducting research that is culturally sensitive with respect to ethnicity, language, and racial backgrounds. Signup and view all the answers

What does the fifth multicultural guideline stress?

Apply culturally appropriate skills in clinical and other applied psychological practices. Signup and view all the answers

What is the sixth multicultural guideline?

Use organizational change processes to support culturally informed organizational development and practices. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Multicultural Psychology Overview

Multicultural Psychology systematically studies behavior, cognition, and affect in diverse settings.
Focuses on interactions among individuals from different cultural backgrounds.

Understanding Culture

Defined as the shared values, beliefs, and practices of a group, communicated through symbols across generations.
Six primary uses of culture include descriptive, historical, normative, psychological, structural, and genetic.

Definitions of Culture Types

Descriptive Culture: Specific behaviors tied to cultural practices.
Historical Culture: Traditions and heritage of a group.
Normative Culture: Governing rules that dictate group behavior.
Psychological Culture: Focus on behavioral processes within cultures.
Structural Culture: Organizational aspects and frameworks of a culture.
Genetic Culture: Origin and evolution of a culture.

Culture Definitions

Narrow Definition: Culture limited to race, ethnicity, and nationality.
Broad Definition: Encompasses a wide range of identities, including language, gender, and socioeconomic status.

Worldviews: Psychological perceptions influencing thoughts, behaviors, and feelings.
Race: Biological perspective defines it as groups with shared genetic traits.
Ethnicity: Identifies groups based on shared geographical and cultural characteristics.

Intersectionality and Cultural Interaction

Intersectionality refers to the interplay of social statuses affecting experiences with privilege and oppression.
Culture contact describes situations where individuals from different backgrounds socially interact.

Principles of Tolerance and Respect

Tolerance: Emphasizes an open, objective approach towards diverse ideas and people.
Respect: Involves valuing and acknowledging differences among cultures.

Inclusion and Sensitivity

Inclusion: Active measures to integrate historically excluded groups.
Sensitivity: Recognizing and respecting cultural differences in interactions.

Equity and Empowerment

Equity: Ensures equal opportunity while addressing historical disadvantages.
Empowerment: Supports marginalized groups in advocating for their rights.

Social Justice: Aims for equal access to rights and resources.
Social Change: Involves significant transformation in societal interactions and institutions.

Multicultural Frameworks

Multiculturalism is recognized as the Fourth Force in psychology, essential for understanding human experiences.
The Biopsychosocial Model integrates biological, cognitive, interpersonal, and cultural factors affecting behavior.

Multicultural Counseling Theory (MCT)

MCT includes six propositions relating to context, identity, goals, and methods in counseling.
Highlights the importance of culturally relevant practices and the contextual nature of therapy.

Eugenics and Historical Context

Eugenics advocates for selective reproduction based on perceived genetic superiority.

Multicultural Guidelines

Emphasize the significance of recognizing personal biases, understanding multicultural sensitivity, and employing diversity in education.
Encourage culturally sensitive research practices and application of cultural skills in clinical settings.

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Description

Test your understanding of the foundational concepts of Multicultural Psychology with these flashcards. This chapter covers definitions, the concept of culture, and its significance in psychological settings where diverse backgrounds interact.