Podcast
Questions and Answers
What mechanism primarily transfers information from the sensory register (SR) to short-term memory (STM)?
What mechanism primarily transfers information from the sensory register (SR) to short-term memory (STM)?
- Attention (correct)
- Acoustic Coding
- Elaboration
- Repetition
Information in short-term memory (STM) is primarily coded semantically.
Information in short-term memory (STM) is primarily coded semantically.
False (B)
According to Miller's research, what is the approximate capacity of short-term memory?
According to Miller's research, what is the approximate capacity of short-term memory?
7 plus or minus 2 items
To transfer information from STM to LTM, it must be ________ .
To transfer information from STM to LTM, it must be ________ .
What type of rehearsal involves a deeper level of processing, such as learning lines for a play?
What type of rehearsal involves a deeper level of processing, such as learning lines for a play?
Short-term memory (STM) has an unlimited duration.
Short-term memory (STM) has an unlimited duration.
Match the memory store with its corresponding duration:
Match the memory store with its corresponding duration:
Which action exemplifies the use of short-term memory (STM)?
Which action exemplifies the use of short-term memory (STM)?
Which of the following is the correct order of memory stores according to the Multi-Store Model (MSM)?
Which of the following is the correct order of memory stores according to the Multi-Store Model (MSM)?
The sensory register has a limited capacity and can only hold a small amount of information.
The sensory register has a limited capacity and can only hold a small amount of information.
According to the Multi-Store Model, what are the three main memory stores?
According to the Multi-Store Model, what are the three main memory stores?
In the sensory register, visual information is coded in the _______ memory.
In the sensory register, visual information is coded in the _______ memory.
Match the memory store with its corresponding coding type:
Match the memory store with its corresponding coding type:
Which psychological process best describes how information is encoded in the sensory register?
Which psychological process best describes how information is encoded in the sensory register?
According to the MSM, information always proceeds linearly from the Sensory Register to Short-Term Memory regardless of attention.
According to the MSM, information always proceeds linearly from the Sensory Register to Short-Term Memory regardless of attention.
Which of the following sensory memory stores is responsible for holding auditory information?
Which of the following sensory memory stores is responsible for holding auditory information?
Which brain area is primarily associated with procedural memory?
Which brain area is primarily associated with procedural memory?
Case studies provide strong generalizable evidence applicable to the wider population regarding long-term memory (LTM) stores.
Case studies provide strong generalizable evidence applicable to the wider population regarding long-term memory (LTM) stores.
Explain why the overlap between episodic and semantic memories (e.g., learning French at school) suggests that long-term memory is more complex than a purely separate-stores model.
Explain why the overlap between episodic and semantic memories (e.g., learning French at school) suggests that long-term memory is more complex than a purely separate-stores model.
Amnesia, specifically the case where a person retains procedural memories (like playing the piano) but loses the ability to recall personal experiences, indicates damage to the ________.
Amnesia, specifically the case where a person retains procedural memories (like playing the piano) but loses the ability to recall personal experiences, indicates damage to the ________.
Match each type of long-term memory (LTM) with its associated brain area:
Match each type of long-term memory (LTM) with its associated brain area:
Which of the following best describes the coding process in Long-Term Memory (LTM)?
Which of the following best describes the coding process in Long-Term Memory (LTM)?
The capacity of long-term memory (LTM) is limited, meaning it can only hold a finite amount of information.
The capacity of long-term memory (LTM) is limited, meaning it can only hold a finite amount of information.
What term is used to describe the process of accessing information from long-term memory (LTM) and transferring it to short-term memory (STM)?
What term is used to describe the process of accessing information from long-term memory (LTM) and transferring it to short-term memory (STM)?
The duration of long-term memory is thought to be for the ______ of each individual.
The duration of long-term memory is thought to be for the ______ of each individual.
According to research, why might some long-term memories become unavailable?
According to research, why might some long-term memories become unavailable?
Research using brain scanning techniques indicates that STM and LTM are stored in the same brain regions.
Research using brain scanning techniques indicates that STM and LTM are stored in the same brain regions.
Match the following scientists with their contribution to memory research.
Match the following scientists with their contribution to memory research.
What is one limitation of the Multi-Store Model (MSM) of memory, according to research?
What is one limitation of the Multi-Store Model (MSM) of memory, according to research?
Which type of long-term memory is most closely associated with recalling personal experiences or events?
Which type of long-term memory is most closely associated with recalling personal experiences or events?
Semantic memories are typically time-stamped, indicating when the information was initially learned.
Semantic memories are typically time-stamped, indicating when the information was initially learned.
Give an example of a procedural memory.
Give an example of a procedural memory.
The case study of HM showed that brain damage affected his ______ memory, while his semantic and procedural memories remained intact.
The case study of HM showed that brain damage affected his ______ memory, while his semantic and procedural memories remained intact.
Match the type of long-term memory with its description:
Match the type of long-term memory with its description:
Which of the following describes the key characteristic of procedural memory?
Which of the following describes the key characteristic of procedural memory?
Clive Wearing's case demonstrated that damage to the brain can eliminate all forms of long-term memory.
Clive Wearing's case demonstrated that damage to the brain can eliminate all forms of long-term memory.
Which of the following is a limitation of using artificial tasks, such as recalling a string of digits or letters, in memory research?
Which of the following is a limitation of using artificial tasks, such as recalling a string of digits or letters, in memory research?
If someone can recall the capital of France but cannot remember what they ate for dinner last night, which type of memory is relatively intact?
If someone can recall the capital of France but cannot remember what they ate for dinner last night, which type of memory is relatively intact?
The multi-store model (MSM) of memory fully explains how information is remembered without rehearsal.
The multi-store model (MSM) of memory fully explains how information is remembered without rehearsal.
According to the content, what are the three stores that long-term memory consists of?
According to the content, what are the three stores that long-term memory consists of?
__________ memories involve personal events and experiences that have happened to an individual and are often linked to a specific time and location.
__________ memories involve personal events and experiences that have happened to an individual and are often linked to a specific time and location.
Match the following types of long-term memory with their descriptions:
Match the following types of long-term memory with their descriptions:
Which of the following exemplifies an episodic memory?
Which of the following exemplifies an episodic memory?
The Working Memory Model supports the idea that:
The Working Memory Model supports the idea that:
Baddeley's (1966) research used artificial stimuli. One implication of this methodology is:
Baddeley's (1966) research used artificial stimuli. One implication of this methodology is:
Flashcards
Sensory Register (SR)
Sensory Register (SR)
A memory store that holds sensory information for milliseconds.
Attention
Attention
The process that enables information to move from SR to short-term memory (STM).
Short-Term Memory (STM)
Short-Term Memory (STM)
A memory store used for immediate tasks, lasting around 18 seconds without rehearsal.
Coding in STM
Coding in STM
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Capacity of STM
Capacity of STM
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Duration of STM
Duration of STM
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Rehearsal
Rehearsal
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Long-Term Memory (LTM)
Long-Term Memory (LTM)
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Multi-store Model of Memory (MSM)
Multi-store Model of Memory (MSM)
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Sensory register
Sensory register
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Types of sensory registers
Types of sensory registers
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Coding in Sensory Register
Coding in Sensory Register
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Modality-specific coding
Modality-specific coding
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Capacity of Sensory Register
Capacity of Sensory Register
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Iconic memory
Iconic memory
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Echoic memory
Echoic memory
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Retrieval
Retrieval
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H.M. Case Study
H.M. Case Study
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Strengths of MSM
Strengths of MSM
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Limitations of MSM
Limitations of MSM
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Brain Regions in Memory
Brain Regions in Memory
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Working Memory Model
Working Memory Model
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Artificial stimuli
Artificial stimuli
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Ecological validity
Ecological validity
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Episodic Memory
Episodic Memory
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Semantic Memory
Semantic Memory
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Procedural Memory
Procedural Memory
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Non-time-stamped Memories
Non-time-stamped Memories
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Impact of Hippocampus
Impact of Hippocampus
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Clive Wearing Case Study
Clive Wearing Case Study
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Examples of Semantic Memory
Examples of Semantic Memory
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Role of Practice in Procedural Memory
Role of Practice in Procedural Memory
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Hippocampus
Hippocampus
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Limitations of Case Studies
Limitations of Case Studies
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Study Notes
Multi-store Model of Memory (MSM)
- MSM proposes a system for how memories are created and stored.
- There are three memory stores: sensory register, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM).
- The stores are interconnected by processes allowing information flow between them.
Sensory Register (SR)
- The SR is where sensory information from the environment is initially processed.
- It has several sub-registers, each connected to a specific sense (e.g., iconic memory for visual information, echoic memory for auditory information).
- Coding is modality-specific, meaning the format of the stored information depends on the sensory input.
- Capacity is very high, holding vast amounts of sensory data.
- Duration is extremely brief (milliseconds), allowing only a small amount of information to be passed to STM if attended to.
- Attention plays a crucial role in selecting information from the sensory register to move to STM.
Short-Term Memory (STM)
- Information from the sensory register enters STM through attention.
- STM is a temporary storage system for information that is currently being used or actively considered.
- Coding is primarily acoustic (audio-based).
- Capacity is limited to around 7 ± 2 items.
- Duration is limited to approximately 18 seconds without rehearsal.
- Rehearsal (repeating the information) keeps it in STM, allowing it to be transferred to LTM.
- Maintenance rehearsal is simply repeating the information, whereas elaborative rehearsal involves deeper processing.
Long-Term Memory (LTM)
- LTM stores information for a long duration (potentially a lifetime).
- Coding is semantic (based on the meaning of the information).
- Capacity is potentially unlimited.
- Retrieval involves transferring information from LTM into STM to be consciously used.
Types of Long-Term Memory
- Episodic memory: personal experiences and events.
- This includes details like time, place, emotions, and associated context.
- Semantic memory: facts and general knowledge.
- Examples: capitals of countries, scientific facts, etc.
- Procedural memory: skills and actions.
- Examples: riding a bike, tying your shoes, etc.
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