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Questions and Answers
What is the typical healing time for wound closure of tendons and ligaments?
3-5 weeks
What occurs when a sudden decrease in stress happens while strain continues to rise?
failure point
Match the following normal end-feels:
Bone on bone = 1 Soft tissue approximation = 2 Tissue stretch = 3
What is the term for things that did not hurt before now hurting?
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Pacinian corpuscles are found ____
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Match the following descriptions to the single hypermobile segment:
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Match the following descriptions to the single hypomobile segment:
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What is the closed packed position of the shoulder?
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Which of the following are subjective clues that alert the clinician to the presence of 'Red Flag'? (Select all that apply)
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When is pain felt in high reactivity conditions?
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What actions does the Longissimus thoracis pars lumborum produce unilaterally and bilaterally?
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Match the functions of thoracolumbar fascia:
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What is the pain distribution for L3?
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What are the characteristics of facet impingement?
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What are the cutaneous innervations, reflex, and myotome associated with L5?
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What does the Long Dorsal Ligament prevent?
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Which lumbar spine ligament primarily resists flexion?
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What is the ROM of C0-C1?
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What defines the full lumbar capsular pattern?
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What does the Tectorial membrane limit?
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What ligaments connect C2 with the occiput?
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What does the posterior atlantoaxial ligament connect and what is it anatomically analogous to?
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What is the right OA sidebend arthrokinematics?
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What is the shoulder resting position?
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What type of tissue makes up the manubriosternal junction?
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How far can collagen fibers be stretched before failure?
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Describe the shape of the tibial condyles.
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What are the attachments of the medial meniscus?
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De Quervain's disease is a tenosynovitis of which tendons?
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What is the capsular pattern of the hip?
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Study Notes
Wound Closure
- Tendon and ligament wound closure typically occurs within 3 to 5 weeks.
Mechanical Properties
- A sudden decrease in stress while strain continues to rise indicates a failure point.
Normal End-Feels
- Bone on bone
- Soft tissue approximation
- Tissue stretch
Pain Sensitivity
- Allodynia refers to the phenomenon where non-painful stimuli now cause pain.
Sensory Receptors
- Pacinian corpuscles are located in deeper layers of capsules and ligaments, detecting pressure and vibration.
Hypermobility Characteristics
- Increased segmental mobility with full general spine mobility (limited if muscle guarding present).
- Pain arises from prolonged stretching.
- Muscle stiffness follows prolonged stretching but is alleviated by exercise or movement.
- Tenderness is found in accessible ligaments.
- Joint may be prone to locking.
Hypomobility Characteristics
- Loss of both physiological and accessory motion at the affected segment.
- Increased pain at end-range and tissue texture abnormalities.
- Presence of positional faults.
Shoulder Positions
- The closed-packed position of the shoulder is achieved with abduction and external rotation.
- The resting shoulder position is at 55 degrees abduction and 30 degrees horizontal adduction.
Red Flags in Clinical Assessment
- Non-mechanical pain may indicate serious conditions.
- History of malignancy within the past 2 years is a concern.
- Onset of back pain in older age without prior symptoms serves as a red flag.
Pain Reactivity
- High reactivity, or irritability, occurs when pain is experienced before restriction.
Longissimus Thoracis Actions
- Unilateral action leads to side bending; bilateral action results in extension.
Thoracolumbar Fascia Function
- Covers back muscles to prevent dorsal displacement.
- Provides stability for the low back.
- Deep fascia anchors spinous processes to the ilia.
L3 Pain Distribution
- Associated with pain in the greater trochanter, distal anterior thigh, and medial side of the knee.
Facet Impingement
- Characterized by restricted extension, side bending, and rotation toward the opposite side.
L5 Innervation
- Cutaneous innervation includes lateral leg, anterior foot area, and first two toes.
- Reflex is absent; myotome includes extensor hallucis longus and gluteus medius.
Sacral Stability
- The Long Dorsal Ligament helps prevent counternutation of the sacrum.
Lumbar Spine Ligaments
- The Posterior Longitudinal Ligament primarily restricts flexion.
Cervical Range of Motion
- C0-C1 range of motion: Flexion 5°, Extension 10°, minimal rotation and sidebend 5°.
Lumbar Capsular Pattern
- Exhibits symmetrical limitation in rotation and side bending, with significant restriction in extension; flexion remains relatively unaffected.
Tectorial Membrane Limits
- Limits flexion, extension, and vertical translation of the cervical spine.
Atlanto-Occipital Connection
- Ligaments connecting C2 with the occiput include the tectorial membrane, alar ligament, and apical ligament.
Cervical Ligament Anatomy
- The posterior atlanto-axial ligament connects C1 and C2, resembling the yellow ligament.
OA Sidebending Arthrokinematics
- Right OA side bending involves lateral, posterior, and superior movement of left CO, resulting in conjunct left rotation.
Joint and Tissue Structures
- The manubriosternal junction consists of synchondrosis tissue.
Collagen Fiber Stretch Limits
- Collagen fibers can be stretched up to 6-8% of their original length before failure.
Tibial Condylar Shape
- Medial tibial condyle is bi-concave; lateral condyle is concave medial-lateral and convex anterior-posterior.
Medial Meniscus Attachments
- Connects to capsular fibers, intercondylar fossa, meniscopatellar fibers, transverse ligament, semimembranosus fibers, as well as fibers from ACL and MCL.
De Quervain's Disease
- A tenosynovitis affecting the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis tendons.
Hip Capsular Pattern
- The capsular pattern of the hip features limitation in flexion, abduction, and internal rotation.
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Description
Test your knowledge with these flashcards focused on wound healing, stress responses, and sensory definitions. These key terms are essential for understanding physical therapy and rehabilitation concepts. Perfect for students preparing for exams or those in MTI courses.