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MSOP1016 Qualitative Research Methods: Interviews, Focus Groups, Thematic Analysis
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MSOP1016 Qualitative Research Methods: Interviews, Focus Groups, Thematic Analysis

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary form of qualitative data?

  • Words (correct)
  • Numbers
  • Charts
  • Graphs

    • What is the main focus of thematic analysis in qualitative research?

  • Measuring numerical variables
  • Creating charts and graphs
  • Identifying meaningful themes or patterns (correct)
  • Calculating frequencies and p-values

    • Where is qualitative research commonly applied?

  • Social sciences and health services (correct)
  • Economics and finance
  • Physics and chemistry
  • Engineering and mathematics

    • Why is qualitative research often preferred for studying groups of people?

    <p>Allows deeper understanding and flexibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In qualitative research, what does 'exploring narratives' refer to?

    <p>Storytelling and understanding experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used when data collection stops due to no new information or themes being obtained from the sample?

    <p>Data saturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which qualitative research approach involves the development of hypotheses, models, or theories by researchers?

    <p>Inductive approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In one-on-one interviews, who participates along with the researcher?

    <p>Only the interviewee</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of ethnographic research in qualitative studies?

    <p>To observe or immerse in a certain setting or culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of interview lacks flexibility due to a specific and standardized set of questions?

    <p>Structured interviews</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of semi-structured interviews over structured interviews?

    <p>Flexibility in guiding discussions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential step that should be taken before conducting interviews in qualitative research?

    <p>Obtaining informed consent from the interviewees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In qualitative research, what does using a framework approach primarily aim to achieve?

    <p>Increased rigor in the study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to keep data anonymous in qualitative research?

    <p>To protect the identity of the participants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key consideration when deciding whether permission is required to conduct interviews in qualitative research?

    <p>The context and individuals being interviewed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common method is used for analyzing qualitative data, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Thematic analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is reliability defined in qualitative research?

    <p>The extent to which a second analysis of a transcript would agree with the first analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of a 'parking zone' during a focus group session?

    <p>To temporarily set aside off-topic discussions for later consideration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method of data analysis involves a structured approach to identifying patterns within qualitative data?

    <p>Thematic Analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern when it comes to small sample size in qualitative research studies?

    <p>Sample selection bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does reflexivity impact the qualitative research process?

    <p>It influences the interpretation of data based on personal experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of coding in qualitative research?

    <p>To condense data while retaining key messages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In qualitative research, what does 'inter-coder reliability' refer to?

    <p>The agreement between two researchers conducting separate analyses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Thematic Analysis' falls under which category of data analysis approaches?

    <p>'Bottom-up' approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Framework Analysis' differs from 'Thematic Analysis' in that it:

    <p>'Top-down' approach using a pre-determined framework or theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does validity refer to in qualitative research?

    <p>Determining if data accurately reflects what participants said or meant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the disadvantages mentioned for interviews?

    <p>Keeping to the <em>topic</em></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is maintaining good social skills important for interviewers?

    <p>To establish rapport with the participants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the roles of an interviewer during an interview?

    <p>Keeping silent and listening actively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can a researcher achieve data saturation in focus groups?

    <p>By ensuring at least three focus groups with similar characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of using focus groups in research?

    <p>Enhanced group dynamics and deep discussions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a practical consideration mentioned for interviews?

    <p><em>Long</em> time needed to travel to location</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do homogeneous group participants in a focus group make data analysis easier?

    <p><em>Easier</em> comparison of experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important step in running a focus group?

    <p><em>Setting ground rules</em> before the discussion starts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes a focus group different from individual interviews?

    <p>Involves a moderator or facilitator leading the discussion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    What is Qualitative Research?

    • Qualitative data exists in the form of words rather than numbers
    • Qualitative analysis is about finding meaningful themes or patterns in the data
    • It is not about estimating frequencies/proportions and p-values!

    Applications of Qualitative Research

    • Common in social sciences such as anthropology
    • Useful in health services research and pharmacy practice
    • Helps in studying groups of people, observing practices in different cultures, and exploring narratives

    Key Features of Qualitative Research

    • Inductive and interpretive approach
    • Researcher's role is influential in data collection and analysis
    • Participants' perspectives are considered, and the research is conducted from their point of view

    Qualitative Research Methods

    One-on-One Interviews

    • Key informant interviews with knowledgeable individuals
    • Face-to-face interviews, structured, semi-structured, or unstructured
    • Useful when the participant or process of interest is not directly observable

    Types of Interviews

    • Structured interviews: systematic approach, standardized questions, and limited flexibility
    • Unstructured interviews: in-depth exploration of complex issues, time-consuming, and difficult to analyze
    • Semi-structured interviews: partially structured, flexible, and guided by open-ended questions

    Focus Groups

    • A form of group interview with 6-8 people, moderated by a facilitator
    • Discussion is audio or video recorded, and verbatim transcripts or notes are analyzed
    • Helps in digging deeply into a subject, with group dynamics facilitating conversation and idea generation

    Advantages of Focus Groups

    • Cost-effective and reliable
    • Helps in gathering lots of data quickly
    • Participants feel comfortable sharing views and experiences

    Procedures for Focus Groups

    • Obtain consent, set ground rules, and introduce the topic
    • Describe the aims and objectives of the study
    • Leave participants to discuss, intervening only to refocus the discussion if necessary

    Data Analysis

    • Thematic analysis: systematic, structured approach to identifying patterns within qualitative data
    • Content analysis: classifying, summarizing, and tabulating data
    • Framework analysis: organizing and describing data into a presentable format, using a theoretical framework or literature review

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    Description

    Learn about common approaches to qualitative research such as interviews and focus groups, as well as how qualitative data are analyzed through thematic analysis. Understand the nature of qualitative data, finding meaningful themes, and patterns.

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