MSCM 541: Choosing Research Subjects in Supply Chain

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What is a population in research studies?

All the items or individuals about which you want to draw conclusions.

What is a sample in research studies?

A portion of the population of items or individuals.

Why is collecting data via sampling used?

Because it is less time-consuming, less costly, and easier to analyze than selecting every item in the population.

What is an example of data collected from ongoing business activities?

A bank studying years of financial transactions to identify patterns of fraud. Signup and view all the answers

What is a source of data from which researchers can collect data?

Compiled data from an organization or individual. Signup and view all the answers

What is another term for a subgroup of a population that researchers may need to define for study?

Subpopulation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between primary and secondary sources of data?

Primary sources involve the data collector using the data for analysis, while secondary sources involve the person performing data analysis not being the data collector. Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of research studies in terms of sampling and generalization?

To apply results obtained from a sample to the larger population. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a nonrandom sample?

In a nonrandom sample, every member of the population does not have an equal chance of being chosen. Signup and view all the answers

Why do studies conducted on the Internet use a nonrandom sample?

Because participants are volunteers and know how to use computers and have access to them. Signup and view all the answers

How can the validity of web-based research be demonstrated?

By comparing the results with those of parallel studies conducted using traditional methods, and evaluating the results to check if they conform to theoretical predictions. Signup and view all the answers

Why do animals obtained from a single supplier not constitute a random sample?

Because they do not have an equal chance of being chosen from the population, and may not be representative of the population. Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of using a single strain of rats in research, and how can it be addressed?

A limitation is that findings may not be generalizable to other strains. This can be addressed by repeating the study using different strains of rats. Signup and view all the answers

When is random sampling most crucial in research?

Random sampling is most crucial when the researcher wants to apply the results directly to a population. Signup and view all the answers

What are two factors that can affect the generality of results, aside from the sample?

Two factors are how independent variables are manipulated and the realism of the research setting. Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential issue with using volunteer participants in research?

A potential issue is volunteer bias, which can result in a biased sample. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to ensure that participation is voluntary in research?

It is important because ethical guidelines require voluntary participation to protect the rights and dignity of participants. Signup and view all the answers

What are two ways a researcher can acquire participants for a field experiment?

Two ways are to wait for participants to happen along or to recruit participants and randomly assign them to conditions. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two forms of deception that can be used in research studies, and how do they differ?

The two forms of deception are indirect deception, which involves not disclosing the full purposes or goals of a study, and direct deception, which involves deliberately providing misinformation to participants about critical aspects of a study. Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of having someone known to participants make an appeal for participants in a research study?

Having someone known to participants make an appeal increases the likelihood of people volunteering to participate in the study. Signup and view all the answers

Why might full disclosure not be possible or desirable in research studies?

Full disclosure may not be possible or desirable because it may affect the results of the study or influence participants' behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What is one way to make an appeal for participants in a research study more effective?

One way to make an appeal more effective is to make it as interesting as possible. Signup and view all the answers

Why might researchers avoid research tasks that may be physically or psychologically stressful?

Researchers avoid stressful tasks because people are less likely to volunteer for experiments that involve stress or aversive situations. Signup and view all the answers

What is one reason why media coverage may relate to willingness to volunteer for research studies?

Media coverage may influence people's willingness to volunteer because it can affect their perceptions and attitudes towards research studies. Signup and view all the answers

What are the methodological and ethical issues raised by deception in research?

Deception raises methodological issues because it produces behavior different from when participants are caught unaware, and ethical issues because it may violate informed consent and affect participants' self-esteem and attitude toward research. Signup and view all the answers

What is the social contract approach to deception in research?

The social contract approach is an agreement between the researcher and participant on how research should be conducted, allowing for some deception as long as human dignity is maintained. Signup and view all the answers

How does deception affect participants' behavior in research?

Deceived participants react differently from non-deceived participants, and are less likely to volunteer for future research, and may feel duped and experience a loss of self-esteem or develop a negative attitude toward research. Signup and view all the answers

What is one solution to the problem of deception in research?

Obtaining prior consent to be deceived, where participants are told that some experiments may involve deception and only those who agree to be deceived are chosen. Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential cost of using deception in research?

Deception may violate the requirements of informed consent, leading to ethical concerns and potentially negative consequences for participants. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it essential to consider the benefits and costs of deception in research?

To justify the use of deception, the benefits must outweigh the costs, and a cost-benefit analysis may be necessary to determine whether deception is justified. Signup and view all the answers