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Questions and Answers
What is the independent variable?
What is the independent variable?
- The outcome factor
- The procedures used to define research variables
- A testable prediction
- The variable manipulated by the experimenter (correct)
What is the dependent variable?
What is the dependent variable?
The outcome factor that may change in response to the independent variable.
What is an operational definition?
What is an operational definition?
A statement of the procedures used to define research variables.
What does hypothesis mean?
What does hypothesis mean?
What is the operational definition in the statement: people are more polite to disabled people than to bodied people?
What is the operational definition in the statement: people are more polite to disabled people than to bodied people?
What is the operational definition of politeness in the statement: people are more polite to disabled people than to bodied people?
What is the operational definition of politeness in the statement: people are more polite to disabled people than to bodied people?
What is the operational definition of the variable disabled status in the statement: people are more polite to disabled people than to bodied people?
What is the operational definition of the variable disabled status in the statement: people are more polite to disabled people than to bodied people?
What is the independent variable in Dr. Cooper's study on lighting effects on mood?
What is the independent variable in Dr. Cooper's study on lighting effects on mood?
What type of prediction regarding anger management is Stacey's suggestion an example of?
What type of prediction regarding anger management is Stacey's suggestion an example of?
What do psychologists use to ensure other researchers can repeat their work?
What do psychologists use to ensure other researchers can repeat their work?
What does debriefing refer to?
What does debriefing refer to?
In an experiment to determine the effects of attention on memory, what is the dependent variable?
In an experiment to determine the effects of attention on memory, what is the dependent variable?
In an experimental study of the effects of dieting on weight loss, what is the independent variable?
In an experimental study of the effects of dieting on weight loss, what is the independent variable?
In an experimental study on sleep deprivation's effects, what is the dependent variable?
In an experimental study on sleep deprivation's effects, what is the dependent variable?
In a study assessing humor affected by sexual stimulation, what is the independent variable?
In a study assessing humor affected by sexual stimulation, what is the independent variable?
What are theories defined as?
What are theories defined as?
In an experiment studying the effects of caffeine on alertness, what is the independent variable?
In an experiment studying the effects of caffeine on alertness, what is the independent variable?
What type of research is conducted to test hunger's potential effect on taste sensitivity?
What type of research is conducted to test hunger's potential effect on taste sensitivity?
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Study Notes
Key Concepts in Research Methodology
- Independent Variable: The factor manipulated in an experiment, key in determining its effect on the dependent variable.
- Dependent Variable: The outcome measured in an experiment, which may change due to the manipulation of the independent variable.
- Operational Definition: A clear statement outlining the procedures and measures used to define research variables, crucial for replicating studies.
Hypothesis and Predictions
- Hypothesis: A testable prediction derived from a theory, serving as a foundation for experimentation.
Example of Operational Definitions
- Politeness and Disability Status: In the context of social interactions, politeness can be operationally defined by measuring the number of people someone holds the door open for.
- Disabled Status: Defined operationally in a study by whether individuals use a wheelchair, classifying them as disabled.
- Lighting: In an experiment studying mood, the independent variable can include the room's lighting, whether bright or dim.
Research Context and Application
- Anger Management in Children: A hypothesis predicting that children will struggle more than adults with managing anger due to higher impulsivity.
- Psychologists' Requirement: To facilitate replication, psychologists employ operational definitions in research.
- Debriefing: Refers to providing participants with explanations regarding the purpose of a study after it concludes.
Additional Experimental Examples
- Memory and Attention: In experiments assessing attention's effect on memory, memory serves as the dependent variable.
- Dieting and Weight Loss: The independent variable in studies on dieting is the dieting process itself.
- Mental Alertness: In studies investigating sleep deprivation, the dependent variable is the level of mental alertness.
- Sexual Stimulation: In research looking into humor perception, the independent variable consists of the level of sexual stimulation presented to participants.
Theoretical Framework
- Theories: Serve as guiding principles, organizing observations and predicting various behaviors or events.
Caffeine Study Context
- Caffeine's Effect on Alertness: In experiments studying this effect among college students, the amount of caffeine consumed is the independent variable.
Taste Sensitivity Experiment
- Hunger and Taste Sensitivity: Participants deprived of food for varying time periods are tested for taste sensitivity, illustrating a structured experimental approach.
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