Questions and Answers
Where is DNA found in a plant cell?
In the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts.
In humans, where can we get DNA from?
From the nucleus and mitochondria.
What is the theoretical recovery of DNA per microliter of blood?
DNA can only be extracted from living cells.
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Which of the following is NOT a common source for DNA isolation?
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In a diploid cell, approximately _____ pg of DNA is contained.
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What is the average cell count of white blood cells in an adult per ml of blood?
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Plasma contains _____ cells, which do not have DNA.
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What should be maximized during a DNA extraction procedure?
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Study Notes
Intended Learning Outcomes
- Understand sources of DNA from various organisms.
- Identify cellular structures necessary for DNA extraction.
- Recognize processes for DNA and RNA isolation.
- Learn specific chemicals used in DNA extraction and their functions.
Sources of DNA
- In animal cells, DNA is located in the nucleus and mitochondria.
- In plant cells, DNA is found in the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts.
- Bacterial DNA resides within plasmids and chromosomes.
- Human DNA is primarily sourced from the nucleus and mitochondria, organized into 22 pairs of autosomal chromosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes (XX or XY).
Human DNA Sources
- Blood contains erythrocytes (RBC, without nuclei) and leukocytes (WBC, containing DNA).
- Saliva samples can yield DNA from epithelial cells.
- Trimmed hair and teeth can also provide DNA, though teeth are easier to collect.
- Bone can serve as a source of DNA.
- Common extraction sources include blood, hair, sperm, bones, nails, tissues, saliva, buccal swabs, urine, and samples from both living and extinct organisms.
DNA Extraction Considerations
- Essential components of DNA extraction involve maximizing DNA recovery, removing or inhibiting nucleases, and enhancing DNA quality.
- The diploid human cell contains approximately 6 picograms (pg) of DNA.
- Average white blood cell (WBC) concentration in an adult is between 5 to 10 million cells per milliliter (ml) of blood, yielding a theoretical DNA recovery of 30 to 60 nanograms (ng) per microliter (µl) of blood.
- PCR reactions typically require about 1 ng of DNA, and many commercial kits are sensitive to lower quantities.
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Description
This quiz covers essential concepts related to DNA extraction from various organisms within the context of the MSc Molecular Medicine program. Students will learn about the necessary cellular structures and processes involved in isolating DNA and RNA. Test your knowledge and understanding of these crucial biotechnological processes.
