31 Questions
What is the main characteristic of supercritical fluids mentioned in the text?
Low density
In the RESS technique, how is the solute precipitated from the supercritical fluid?
By rapid expansion reducing solvent density
What is the purpose of the SAS technique in supercritical fluid technology?
To act as an anti-solvent for the drug
In crystallization by precipitation, what are the two methods mentioned for inducing precipitation?
Change of the pH of the solution and addition of precipitating agent
What is a critical property mentioned in the text for N2 (Nitrogen)?
$T_c = -147°C, P_c = 39$ bar
Which method of crystallization involves the addition of an anti-solvent that is miscible with the solvent?
Crystallization by addition of anti-solvent
What is the purpose of supercritical fluid technology in the context of drug particles?
To extract the drug particles
Which process involves the particles precipitating and the solvent being extracted into the supercritical fluid?
Supercritical fluid technology
In supercritical fluid technology, what happens to the drug particles?
They precipitate
What are two phase systems used for in the context of crystallization?
To demonstrate methods of crystallization
Which reading source is recommended for understanding solid state properties and crystallization?
Aulton's Pharmaceutics
What changes typically occur to substances during the process of cooling crystallization?
They precipitate
What does Lysozyme represent in the context of 'Two phase systems'?
Drug particles before processing
What is the main focus of physical stability in pharmaceuticals?
Temperature, pH, moisture, and oxidation
How are crystals defined in the text?
Having a high degree of order for atoms and molecules
What is the characteristic of amorphous material?
Randomly arranged atoms and molecules
In terms of physical stability, what is an indirect effect of chemical stability?
Change in crystalline structure
Which method of crystallization is mentioned in the text?
Cooling crystallization
What is the focus of supercritical fluid technology in the context of pharmaceuticals?
Improving particle size and surface area
What is the purpose of supersaturation in the process of crystallization from a solution?
To promote crystal growth
In crystallization, what is the role of anti-solvent?
Causing the solute to become insoluble
Which method can be used to introduce anti-solvent in the crystallization process?
Cooling the solution
What is heterogeneous nucleation in the context of crystallization?
Formation of crystals around impurities or seed crystals
What role does evaporation play in the crystallization process?
Promoting crystal growth by reducing solvent volume
How does cooling contribute to crystallization from a solution?
Decreases solubility of the solvent
What is the main purpose of nucleation in the crystallization process?
To promote crystal growth
Define chemical stability in pharmaceuticals.
Chemical stability refers to the ability of a pharmaceutical substance to maintain its chemical structure and integrity over time.
Explain the concept of physical stability in pharmaceutical products.
Physical stability relates to the ability of a pharmaceutical product to maintain its physical characteristics, such as appearance, texture, and uniformity, without undergoing undesired changes.
What is the purpose of supersaturation in the crystallization process from a solution?
Supersaturation is used to induce nucleation and crystal growth by creating a solution that contains more solute than it can normally hold at a given temperature.
Describe the main characteristic of ideal crystals.
Ideal crystals are characterized by a regular and repeating arrangement of atoms or molecules in a crystal lattice structure.
What is the characteristic of amorphous material?
Amorphous material lacks a long-range order in its atomic or molecular structure, resulting in a disordered and random arrangement.
Test your knowledge on two phase systems and crystallisation from solution in the field of pharmaceutical studies. Explore concepts such as solute, solvent, and anti-solvent in the context of phase transition. This quiz covers important information from slides 5 to 23 of an MPharm course.
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