Two Phase Systems Crystallisation 30
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Questions and Answers

What is the main characteristic of supercritical fluids mentioned in the text?

  • Low density (correct)
  • High viscosity
  • Low dissolution capacity
  • High vapor pressure

    • In the RESS technique, how is the solute precipitated from the supercritical fluid?

  • By increasing the solvent density
  • By rapid expansion reducing solvent density (correct)
  • By using a high-pressure system
  • By increasing the temperature

    • What is the purpose of the SAS technique in supercritical fluid technology?

  • To increase solvent density
  • To act as an anti-solvent for the drug (correct)
  • To act as a solvent for the drug
  • To decrease drug solubility

    • In crystallization by precipitation, what are the two methods mentioned for inducing precipitation?

    <p>Change of the pH of the solution and addition of precipitating agent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical property mentioned in the text for N2 (Nitrogen)?

    <p>$T_c = -147°C, P_c = 39$ bar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method of crystallization involves the addition of an anti-solvent that is miscible with the solvent?

    <p>Crystallization by addition of anti-solvent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of supercritical fluid technology in the context of drug particles?

    <p>To extract the drug particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the particles precipitating and the solvent being extracted into the supercritical fluid?

    <p>Supercritical fluid technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In supercritical fluid technology, what happens to the drug particles?

    <p>They precipitate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are two phase systems used for in the context of crystallization?

    <p>To demonstrate methods of crystallization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reading source is recommended for understanding solid state properties and crystallization?

    <p>Aulton's Pharmaceutics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What changes typically occur to substances during the process of cooling crystallization?

    <p>They precipitate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Lysozyme represent in the context of 'Two phase systems'?

    <p>Drug particles before processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of physical stability in pharmaceuticals?

    <p>Temperature, pH, moisture, and oxidation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are crystals defined in the text?

    <p>Having a high degree of order for atoms and molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of amorphous material?

    <p>Randomly arranged atoms and molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of physical stability, what is an indirect effect of chemical stability?

    <p>Change in crystalline structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method of crystallization is mentioned in the text?

    <p>Cooling crystallization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of supercritical fluid technology in the context of pharmaceuticals?

    <p>Improving particle size and surface area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of supersaturation in the process of crystallization from a solution?

    <p>To promote crystal growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In crystallization, what is the role of anti-solvent?

    <p>Causing the solute to become insoluble</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method can be used to introduce anti-solvent in the crystallization process?

    <p>Cooling the solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is heterogeneous nucleation in the context of crystallization?

    <p>Formation of crystals around impurities or seed crystals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does evaporation play in the crystallization process?

    <p>Promoting crystal growth by reducing solvent volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does cooling contribute to crystallization from a solution?

    <p>Decreases solubility of the solvent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of nucleation in the crystallization process?

    <p>To promote crystal growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define chemical stability in pharmaceuticals.

    <p>Chemical stability refers to the ability of a pharmaceutical substance to maintain its chemical structure and integrity over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the concept of physical stability in pharmaceutical products.

    <p>Physical stability relates to the ability of a pharmaceutical product to maintain its physical characteristics, such as appearance, texture, and uniformity, without undergoing undesired changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of supersaturation in the crystallization process from a solution?

    <p>Supersaturation is used to induce nucleation and crystal growth by creating a solution that contains more solute than it can normally hold at a given temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the main characteristic of ideal crystals.

    <p>Ideal crystals are characterized by a regular and repeating arrangement of atoms or molecules in a crystal lattice structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of amorphous material?

    <p>Amorphous material lacks a long-range order in its atomic or molecular structure, resulting in a disordered and random arrangement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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