MPharm Cell Science: Cellular Structure 1 & 2

<p>Rough E.R. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lipid synthesis and detoxification (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microtubules arranged in triplets (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Moving mucus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They consist of rRNA and proteins. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Linking adjacent cells together (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maintaining cell shape and positioning organelles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Various organic molecules (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Less readily disassembled once assembled (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mitochondrion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>55% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Locomotion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endoplasmic reticulum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gram-positive bacteria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>More complex than prokaryotic cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peptidoglycan (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They stain pink due to a thin cell wall (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Modify proteins into glycoproteins and lipoproteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cytoskeleton (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lysosomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fungi (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spherical or oval with a single membrane (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peroxisomes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nerve destruction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unneeded or faulty proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flattened membranes with bulging edges (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Storage of calcium ions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cells are the basic unit of both structure and function in living organisms. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There are around 200 different types of cells in the human body. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It acts as a molecular 'signature' for cell recognition. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Approximately 3.72 x 10^13 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Desmosomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They create a band around the entire circumference of the cell membrane. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cells are capable of performing all vital physiological functions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacterial cell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Connexins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To link neighboring cells together for strength. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles, whereas eukaryotic cells have them. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The diameter of the connexin channels. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have the ability to differentiate into various cell types. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endoplasmic Reticulum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transmembrane proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Desmosomes occur in a disk shape, while tight junctions form a continuous band. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The foundational idea that all living organisms are composed of cells, cells arise from pre-existing cells, and cells carry out essential life functions.

The ability of a cell to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes.

Cells that can differentiate into various specialized cell types, contributing to growth and repair.

Cells lacking a true nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, found in bacteria and archaea.

Cells with a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists.

The outermost layer of a cell, regulating the passage of substances in and out.

The gel-like substance within the cell, containing the cytosol and organelles.

The control center of the cell, containing the genetic material (DNA).

A type of prokaryotic cell that has a thick peptidoglycan layer in its cell wall, making it stain purple with Gram's stain.

A type of prokaryotic cell that has a thin peptidoglycan layer in its cell wall, making it stain pink with Gram's stain.

Flagella are whip-like structures that help prokaryotes move around. They move in a rotating motion like a motor.

Eukaryotic cells are characterized by having a membrane-bound nucleus and other internal structures called organelles. Organelles compartmentalize cellular functions.

The cytoskeleton is a network of protein fibers that provides structural support and helps move things inside the cell. It maintains the cell's shape.

The plasma membrane is the outermost layer of a cell. It controls what enters and leaves the cell, playing a vital role in maintaining homeostasis.

The cytoplasm is the gel-like substance inside the cell, containing the cytosol (fluid) and the organelles. It's the space where many cellular activities happen.

The nucleus is often called the control center of the cell. It houses the cell's genetic material (DNA), which directs protein synthesis and other cellular processes.

Glycocalyx is a layer of carbohydrates on the cell surface that acts like a unique identifier, allowing cells to recognize each other.

Integrins are proteins that connect the extracellular matrix to the cell's internal skeleton (cytoskeleton), providing structural support and linking cells together. They act as bridges between the inside and outside of the cell.

Desmosomes are strong, button-like junctions that hold cells together, especially in areas that stretch, like skin. They act like rivets, providing strong adhesion.

Tight junctions create a watertight seal between cells, preventing leakage between them, like a zipper. They are common in tissues that act as barriers, like the intestines.

Gap junctions are channels that connect the cytoplasm of neighboring cells, allowing small molecules and ions to pass through. They are like tunnels for communication.

Cell membranes have various functions, including regulating the passage of substances in and out, providing a barrier, and facilitating communication with other cells. They are dynamic and essential for cell survival.

The fluid portion of cytoplasm that surrounds organelles, making up about 55% of the cell's volume and containing various dissolved and suspended components like ions, glucose, amino acids, etc.

A network of protein fibers maintaining cell shape, positioning organelles, and aiding in movement.

Thin, solid protein fibers contributing to cell shape, muscle contraction, and cell division.

Thick, hollow protein tubes involved in cell shape, organelle movement, and cell division.

Rope-like fibers providing structural support and resisting stretching forces.

Movement of substances across the plasma membrane, controlled by selective permeability.

Specialized structures within the cell, each with its own unique function.

A network of interconnected membranes involved in protein synthesis, lipid synthesis, and detoxification.

A network of interconnected, membrane-bound sacs and tubules within a cell.

A stack of flattened, membrane-bound sacs in eukaryotic cells responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins.

Small, spherical organelles surrounded by a single membrane that contain digestive enzymes. They break down waste materials and cellular debris.

Small, oval-shaped organelles enclosed by a single membrane. They are involved in detoxification by breaking down harmful substances and removing hydrogen from molecules.

Tiny, barrel-shaped structures containing proteases. They break down and recycle unneeded or faulty proteins.

A specialized type of endoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells that stores and releases calcium ions (Ca2+), essential for muscle contraction.

The process by which a cell breaks down its own internal components for recycling.

The process of programmed cell death, where a cell self-destructs in a controlled manner.

A pair of cylindrical structures composed of microtubules arranged perpendicular to each other, serving as the organizing center for microtubules during cell division.

Microtubule-based structures extending from the centrosome, responsible for pulling chromosomes apart during cell division.

A single, tail-like structure that propels sperm cells forward in the reproductive tract.

Short, hair-like projections found in groups, primarily involved in moving mucus in the respiratory system.

Cell organelles responsible for protein synthesis, composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins.

A network of folded membranes that functions in synthesis, intracellular transport, and lipid metabolism.

The portion of endoplasmic reticulum that contains ribosomes, involved in protein synthesis and the production of membrane-bound proteins.

The portion of endoplasmic reticulum that lacks ribosomes, involved in lipid synthesis, detoxification, and calcium storage.