34 Questions
What is a key determinant of hydrophobic strength according to the text?
Change in solvent accessible surface area
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a common non-covalent interaction involved in biological processes?
Ionization energy
In drug design, what is emphasized as a compromise between enthalpic and entropic considerations?
Effective binding affinity
What does ΔGΔSASA represent according to the text?
Change in Gibbs free energy per change in solvent accessible surface area
Which phenomenon is described as utilizing distinct networks of non-covalent interactions in binding events?
Aromatic stacking
What is highlighted as a compromise in effective drug design?
Balancing enthalpic and entropic factors
'Pre-organisation and Entropy' in drug design mainly involves:
Enhancing molecular recognition by prearranging binding sites
'Valinomycin potassium binding antibiotic' mentioned in the text is primarily related to:
'Valinomycin' structure affecting hydrophobicity
What is the range of stacking strength for edge-to-face (T) stacked π-stacking?
+0.5 kJ mol-1 to 3.2 kJ mol-1
What effect does hydrogen bonding often have in drug binding?
It is thermoneutral
Which nucleotide is represented by the symbol 'A' in molecular recognition?
Adenine (A)
What is the angular dependence that produces directionality in binding in hydrogen bonding?
D A H - 2 > D G > - 20 kcal/mol
What is the attractive component of van der Waals interactions approximately?
-0.2 kJ mol-1 Å-2
In drug design, what does Ka = 3000 M-1 represent?
Association constant
What type of interaction produces directionality in binding due to angular dependence?
Hydrogen Bonding
'Thymine' is represented by which symbol in molecular recognition?
(T)
What role do secondary interactions play in drug binding?
They influence enthalpy and entropy changes
What is the driving force for aromatic stacking interactions?
Decrease in enthalpy
Which type of drug would likely have a very small dissociation constant (Kd)?
Drug with high binding enthalpy
In drug design, what does a high value of Ka indicate?
Strong drug-target interaction
What is the significance of the hydrophobic effect in drug design?
It enhances drug binding to hydrophobic targets
Which type of interaction is primarily responsible for salt bridges?
Ionic bond
What effect does polarisation have on soft atoms in drug design?
Promotes specific interactions
How can the IC50 value be interpreted in enzyme inhibition?
The concentration of inhibitor at which enzyme activity is reduced by 50%
What role does angular dependence play in producing directionality in binding in hydrogen bonding?
Angular dependence produces directionality in binding
How is hydrogen bonding described in terms of thermoneutrality in drug binding?
Hydrogen bonding is often thermoneutral
What is the range of stacking strength for edge-to-face (T) stacked π-stacking?
From +0.5 kJ mol-1 to 3.2 kJ mol-1
What are the two distinct geometries of π-stacking mentioned in the text?
Edge-to-face (T) stacked and offset stacked
How does the angular dependence of hydrogen bonding contribute to the specificity of binding?
Angular dependence produces directionality in binding
Explain the concept of 'Lock & Key' hypothesis proposed by Emil Fischer in the context of drug design.
The 'Lock & Key' hypothesis suggests that a specific enzyme (lock) only interacts with a specific substrate (key) that fits into it perfectly.
How does the range of stacking strength for edge-to-face (T) stacked π-stacking influence drug design?
The range of stacking strength for edge-to-face (T) stacked π-stacking is 1-2 kcal/mol, which is crucial for stabilizing aromatic interactions in drug binding.
Discuss the significance of angular dependence in hydrogen bonding for the specificity of binding events.
Angular dependence in hydrogen bonding contributes to the directionality of binding, ensuring specific interactions between molecules.
How does hydrogen bonding contribute to thermoneutrality in drug binding?
Hydrogen bonding is described as thermoneutral in drug binding because the energy input to break hydrogen bonds is similar to the energy released when forming them.
Explain the role of hydrogen bonding and aromatic stacking interactions in drug design.
Hydrogen bonding and aromatic stacking interactions are key non-covalent interactions that contribute to the specificity and stability of drug-target binding.
Test your knowledge on enthalpy, entropy, and the hydrophobic effect in the context of thermodynamics. Explore the relationship between solvent accessible surface area and hydrophobic strength. Dive into the importance of entropy in chemical processes.
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