Thermodynamics in Context
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Questions and Answers

What is a key determinant of hydrophobic strength according to the text?

  • Kinetic energy
  • Change in solvent accessible surface area (correct)
  • Enthalpy change
  • Temperature variation

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a common non-covalent interaction involved in biological processes?

  • Ionization energy (correct)
  • Aromatic stacking
  • Salt-bridging
  • Van der Waals forces

In drug design, what is emphasized as a compromise between enthalpic and entropic considerations?

  • Effective binding affinity (correct)
  • Kinetic stability
  • Hydrophilic interactions
  • Molecular weight

What does ΔGΔSASA represent according to the text?

<p>Change in Gibbs free energy per change in solvent accessible surface area (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phenomenon is described as utilizing distinct networks of non-covalent interactions in binding events?

<p>Aromatic stacking (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is highlighted as a compromise in effective drug design?

<p>Balancing enthalpic and entropic factors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Pre-organisation and Entropy' in drug design mainly involves:

<p>Enhancing molecular recognition by prearranging binding sites (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Valinomycin potassium binding antibiotic' mentioned in the text is primarily related to:

<p>'Valinomycin' structure affecting hydrophobicity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of stacking strength for edge-to-face (T) stacked π-stacking?

<p>+0.5 kJ mol-1 to 3.2 kJ mol-1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does hydrogen bonding often have in drug binding?

<p>It is thermoneutral (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nucleotide is represented by the symbol 'A' in molecular recognition?

<p>Adenine (A) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the angular dependence that produces directionality in binding in hydrogen bonding?

<p>D A H - 2 &gt; D G &gt; - 20 kcal/mol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the attractive component of van der Waals interactions approximately?

<p>-0.2 kJ mol-1 Ã…-2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In drug design, what does Ka = 3000 M-1 represent?

<p>Association constant (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of interaction produces directionality in binding due to angular dependence?

<p>Hydrogen Bonding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Thymine' is represented by which symbol in molecular recognition?

<p>(T) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do secondary interactions play in drug binding?

<p>They influence enthalpy and entropy changes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the driving force for aromatic stacking interactions?

<p>Decrease in enthalpy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of drug would likely have a very small dissociation constant (Kd)?

<p>Drug with high binding enthalpy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In drug design, what does a high value of Ka indicate?

<p>Strong drug-target interaction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the hydrophobic effect in drug design?

<p>It enhances drug binding to hydrophobic targets (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of interaction is primarily responsible for salt bridges?

<p>Ionic bond (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does polarisation have on soft atoms in drug design?

<p>Promotes specific interactions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can the IC50 value be interpreted in enzyme inhibition?

<p>The concentration of inhibitor at which enzyme activity is reduced by 50% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does angular dependence play in producing directionality in binding in hydrogen bonding?

<p>Angular dependence produces directionality in binding</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is hydrogen bonding described in terms of thermoneutrality in drug binding?

<p>Hydrogen bonding is often thermoneutral</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of stacking strength for edge-to-face (T) stacked π-stacking?

<p>From +0.5 kJ mol-1 to 3.2 kJ mol-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two distinct geometries of π-stacking mentioned in the text?

<p>Edge-to-face (T) stacked and offset stacked</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the angular dependence of hydrogen bonding contribute to the specificity of binding?

<p>Angular dependence produces directionality in binding</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the concept of 'Lock & Key' hypothesis proposed by Emil Fischer in the context of drug design.

<p>The 'Lock &amp; Key' hypothesis suggests that a specific enzyme (lock) only interacts with a specific substrate (key) that fits into it perfectly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the range of stacking strength for edge-to-face (T) stacked π-stacking influence drug design?

<p>The range of stacking strength for edge-to-face (T) stacked π-stacking is 1-2 kcal/mol, which is crucial for stabilizing aromatic interactions in drug binding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Discuss the significance of angular dependence in hydrogen bonding for the specificity of binding events.

<p>Angular dependence in hydrogen bonding contributes to the directionality of binding, ensuring specific interactions between molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does hydrogen bonding contribute to thermoneutrality in drug binding?

<p>Hydrogen bonding is described as thermoneutral in drug binding because the energy input to break hydrogen bonds is similar to the energy released when forming them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the role of hydrogen bonding and aromatic stacking interactions in drug design.

<p>Hydrogen bonding and aromatic stacking interactions are key non-covalent interactions that contribute to the specificity and stability of drug-target binding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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