Enzyme Catalysis 27

Podcast Beta

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Enzyme catalysis is necessary for some metabolic processes.

True

The reaction between an ester and an alcohol/water occurs spontaneously.

False

The base-catalyzed version of the reaction is more stable than the acid-catalyzed version.

True

Hydroxide as the attacking species represents general base catalysis.

False Signup and view all the answers

The nucleophilic attack involves transition state 1 (TS1) and transition state 2 (TS2).

True Signup and view all the answers

Enzyme catalysis is not required for any metabolic processes.

False Signup and view all the answers

Enzymes are not selective for particular substrates.

False Signup and view all the answers

Chymotrypsin is a member of the serine protease enzyme family.

True Signup and view all the answers

Uncatalysed reactions in the human body have a half-life of 78 million years at room temperature.

True Signup and view all the answers

Enzymes do not have a strong affinity for the transition states of reactions.

False Signup and view all the answers

Enzyme catalysis stabilizes transition states.

True Signup and view all the answers

Enzymes are not protein based catalysts.

False Signup and view all the answers

The prevalent conditions in the human body make it an ideal vessel for chemical reactions.

False Signup and view all the answers

Nature has not developed protein based catalysts called enzymes to overcome the poor vessel conditions of the human body.

False Signup and view all the answers

Enzymes have weak affinity for particular substrates.

False Signup and view all the answers

Enzymes can't accelerate biochemical reactions.

False Signup and view all the answers

General acid-catalysis is the only type of catalysis involved when H3O+ is present.

False Signup and view all the answers

Proteins with catalytic activity are not considered as enzymes.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of enzyme catalysis as mentioned in the text?

To accelerate unreactive biochemical reactions Signup and view all the answers

In enzyme catalysis, why is the base-catalyzed version considered more stable than the acid-catalyzed version?

The base-catalyzed version stabilizes transition states and intermediates Signup and view all the answers

Why do enzymes play a crucial role in metabolic processes involving ester conversions?

To facilitate the conversion of esters to other products Signup and view all the answers

In enzyme catalysis, what is the specific role of hydroxide as the attacking species?

It represents general base catalysis Signup and view all the answers

What makes the base-catalyzed version of a reaction much better compared to the uncatalyzed version?

It stabilizes transition states and intermediates Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason behind the need for catalysis in the conversion of esters to other products?

The reaction does not occur spontaneously without catalysis Signup and view all the answers

What type of catalysis occurs when H3O+ is involved in the reaction?

Specific acid-catalysis Signup and view all the answers

Which type of catalyst is nature's solution to the poor vessel conditions of the human body for chemical reactions?

Biological catalysts Signup and view all the answers

What role do amino acid side chains play in enzyme catalysis?

They stabilize transition states of reactions Signup and view all the answers

What is the half-life of uncatalysed reactions in the human body at room temperature?

78 million years Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme family does chymotrypsin belong to?

Protease enzyme family Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for enzymes being selective for particular substrates?

Their complementary shape and chemical properties to substrates Signup and view all the answers

What type of catalysis involves pre-made small organic molecules helping out in enzyme catalysis?

Coenzyme catalysis Signup and view all the answers

What effect do enzymes have on the stability of transition states of reactions?

They stabilize transition states Signup and view all the answers

'Chymotrypsin cleaves peptides containing aromatic residues' - What does this statement imply about chymotrypsin?

It has a preference for certain types of peptides based on their amino acid composition Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for enzymes being able to accelerate biochemical reactions?

Their ability to alter the activation energy of the reaction Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of inorganic catalysts in enzyme catalysis?

They have no role in enzyme catalysis Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of enzyme catalysis in the conversion of esters to other products?

To stabilize transition states and intermediates Signup and view all the answers

Why is the base-catalyzed version of the reaction considered more stable than the uncatalyzed version?

Because it involves specific base catalysis with hydroxide as the attacking species Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of enzyme catalysis as discussed in the text?

To stabilize transition states and intermediates in metabolic processes Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when hydroxide is the attacking species in enzyme catalysis?

General base catalysis Signup and view all the answers

Which type of catalysis is involved when H3O+ is present in the reaction?

General acid catalysis Signup and view all the answers

What makes the base-catalyzed version of a reaction much better compared to the uncatalyzed version?

It stabilizes transition states and intermediates effectively Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of enzymes in biochemical reactions?

Increasing the stability of transition states Signup and view all the answers

In enzyme catalysis, what is the specific role of amino acid side chains?

Participating in acid/base catalysis Signup and view all the answers

Why are enzymes considered crucial in metabolic processes involving ester conversions?

They accelerate the rate of uncatalyzed reactions Signup and view all the answers

Which type of catalysis occurs when pre-made small organic molecules help in enzyme catalysis?

General base-catalysis Signup and view all the answers

What makes the base-catalyzed version of a reaction more stable than the acid-catalyzed version?

Stabilizes the transition states Signup and view all the answers

'Chymotrypsin cleaves peptides containing aromatic residues' - What does this statement imply about chymotrypsin?

It has strong affinity for particular substrates Signup and view all the answers

'Enzyme catalysis stabilizes transition states' - What effect do enzymes have on the stability of transition states of reactions?

Increase the stability of transition states Signup and view all the answers

'Enzyme catalysis is necessary for some metabolic processes' - What is the primary reason behind the need for catalysis in metabolic processes?

To accelerate the rate of uncatalyzed reactions Signup and view all the answers

'The prevalent conditions in the human body make it a poor vessel for chemical reactions.' - What type of catalyst is nature's solution to this problem?

'Protein based catalysts called enzymes' Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when hydroxide is the attacking species in enzyme catalysis?

General base-catalysis Signup and view all the answers

What type of catalysis involves transition state 1 (TS1) and transition state 2 (TS2)?

General base-catalysis Signup and view all the answers

What role do pre-made small organic molecules play in enzyme catalysis?

Increasing stability of transition states Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the need of catalysis in the conversion of esters to other products?

The reaction does not occur spontaneously when an ester and an alcohol/water are mixed. Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific role of hydroxide as the attacking species in enzyme catalysis?

When hydroxide is the attacking species, it leads to specific base catalysis. Signup and view all the answers

Why is the base-catalyzed version of a reaction considered more stable than the uncatalyzed version?

The base-catalyzed version involves more stable transition states and intermediates. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when H3O+ is involved in the reaction in terms of catalysis?

When H3O+ is present, general acid catalysis occurs. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of inorganic catalysts in enzyme catalysis?

Inorganic catalysts do not have a main role in enzyme catalysis. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of enzymes in biochemical reactions?

The primary function of enzymes is to accelerate biochemical reactions. Signup and view all the answers

What is the half-life of uncatalysed reactions in the human body at room temperature?

78 million years Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific role of amino acid side chains in enzyme catalysis?

Acid/base catalysis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for enzymes being able to accelerate biochemical reactions?

Strong affinity for transition states Signup and view all the answers

What effect do enzymes have on the stability of transition states of reactions?

Stabilizes Signup and view all the answers

What role do pre-made small organic molecules play in enzyme catalysis?

Help out Signup and view all the answers

What type of catalysis occurs when hydroxide is the attacking species in enzyme catalysis?

General base catalysis Signup and view all the answers

What does the statement 'Chymotrypsin cleaves peptides containing aromatic residues' imply about chymotrypsin?

Cleaves aromatic residue-containing peptides Signup and view all the answers

What type of catalyst is nature's solution to the poor vessel conditions of the human body for chemical reactions?

Protein-based catalysts (enzymes) Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific role of hydroxide as the attacking species in enzyme catalysis?

Nucleophilic attack Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for enzymes being selective for particular substrates?

Affinity for specific substrates Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of enzymes in biochemical reactions?

Catalytic activity Signup and view all the answers

What type of catalysis involves transition state 1 (TS1) and transition state 2 (TS2)?

Specific acid-catalysis / general acid-catalysis Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Enzyme Catalysis

Enzyme catalysis is necessary for some metabolic processes.
The reaction between an ester and an alcohol/water occurs spontaneously.
The base-catalyzed version of the reaction is more stable than the acid-catalyzed version.
Hydroxide as the attacking species represents general base catalysis.
The nucleophilic attack involves transition state 1 (TS1) and transition state 2 (TS2).

Chymotrypsin

Chymotrypsin is a member of the serine protease enzyme family.
Chymotrypsin cleaves peptides containing aromatic residues.

Properties of Enzymes

Enzyme catalysis stabilizes transition states.
Enzymes are selective for particular substrates.
Enzymes have a strong affinity for the transition states of reactions.
Enzymes can accelerate biochemical reactions.

Catalysis

General acid-catalysis is the only type of catalysis involved when H3O+ is present.
Pre-made small organic molecules help in enzyme catalysis, involving general base catalysis.
Enzymes are nature's solution to the poor vessel conditions of the human body for chemical reactions.

Reaction Rates

Uncatalysed reactions in the human body have a half-life of 78 million years at room temperature.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Recap on enzyme catalysis for MPharm programme, focusing on protein structure and the necessity of catalysis in metabolic processes. The content covers ester conversions and the role of enzymes in facilitating these reactions.