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Questions and Answers
Enzyme catalysis is necessary for some metabolic processes.
Enzyme catalysis is necessary for some metabolic processes.
True (A)
The reaction between an ester and an alcohol/water occurs spontaneously.
The reaction between an ester and an alcohol/water occurs spontaneously.
False (B)
The base-catalyzed version of the reaction is more stable than the acid-catalyzed version.
The base-catalyzed version of the reaction is more stable than the acid-catalyzed version.
True (A)
Hydroxide as the attacking species represents general base catalysis.
Hydroxide as the attacking species represents general base catalysis.
The nucleophilic attack involves transition state 1 (TS1) and transition state 2 (TS2).
The nucleophilic attack involves transition state 1 (TS1) and transition state 2 (TS2).
Enzyme catalysis is not required for any metabolic processes.
Enzyme catalysis is not required for any metabolic processes.
Enzymes are not selective for particular substrates.
Enzymes are not selective for particular substrates.
Chymotrypsin is a member of the serine protease enzyme family.
Chymotrypsin is a member of the serine protease enzyme family.
Uncatalysed reactions in the human body have a half-life of 78 million years at room temperature.
Uncatalysed reactions in the human body have a half-life of 78 million years at room temperature.
Enzymes do not have a strong affinity for the transition states of reactions.
Enzymes do not have a strong affinity for the transition states of reactions.
Enzyme catalysis stabilizes transition states.
Enzyme catalysis stabilizes transition states.
Enzymes are not protein based catalysts.
Enzymes are not protein based catalysts.
The prevalent conditions in the human body make it an ideal vessel for chemical reactions.
The prevalent conditions in the human body make it an ideal vessel for chemical reactions.
Nature has not developed protein based catalysts called enzymes to overcome the poor vessel conditions of the human body.
Nature has not developed protein based catalysts called enzymes to overcome the poor vessel conditions of the human body.
Enzymes have weak affinity for particular substrates.
Enzymes have weak affinity for particular substrates.
Enzymes can't accelerate biochemical reactions.
Enzymes can't accelerate biochemical reactions.
General acid-catalysis is the only type of catalysis involved when H3O+ is present.
General acid-catalysis is the only type of catalysis involved when H3O+ is present.
Proteins with catalytic activity are not considered as enzymes.
Proteins with catalytic activity are not considered as enzymes.
What is the primary purpose of enzyme catalysis as mentioned in the text?
What is the primary purpose of enzyme catalysis as mentioned in the text?
In enzyme catalysis, why is the base-catalyzed version considered more stable than the acid-catalyzed version?
In enzyme catalysis, why is the base-catalyzed version considered more stable than the acid-catalyzed version?
Why do enzymes play a crucial role in metabolic processes involving ester conversions?
Why do enzymes play a crucial role in metabolic processes involving ester conversions?
In enzyme catalysis, what is the specific role of hydroxide as the attacking species?
In enzyme catalysis, what is the specific role of hydroxide as the attacking species?
What makes the base-catalyzed version of a reaction much better compared to the uncatalyzed version?
What makes the base-catalyzed version of a reaction much better compared to the uncatalyzed version?
What is the main reason behind the need for catalysis in the conversion of esters to other products?
What is the main reason behind the need for catalysis in the conversion of esters to other products?
What type of catalysis occurs when H3O+ is involved in the reaction?
What type of catalysis occurs when H3O+ is involved in the reaction?
Which type of catalyst is nature's solution to the poor vessel conditions of the human body for chemical reactions?
Which type of catalyst is nature's solution to the poor vessel conditions of the human body for chemical reactions?
What role do amino acid side chains play in enzyme catalysis?
What role do amino acid side chains play in enzyme catalysis?
What is the half-life of uncatalysed reactions in the human body at room temperature?
What is the half-life of uncatalysed reactions in the human body at room temperature?
Which enzyme family does chymotrypsin belong to?
Which enzyme family does chymotrypsin belong to?
What is the primary reason for enzymes being selective for particular substrates?
What is the primary reason for enzymes being selective for particular substrates?
What type of catalysis involves pre-made small organic molecules helping out in enzyme catalysis?
What type of catalysis involves pre-made small organic molecules helping out in enzyme catalysis?
What effect do enzymes have on the stability of transition states of reactions?
What effect do enzymes have on the stability of transition states of reactions?
'Chymotrypsin cleaves peptides containing aromatic residues' - What does this statement imply about chymotrypsin?
'Chymotrypsin cleaves peptides containing aromatic residues' - What does this statement imply about chymotrypsin?
What is the primary reason for enzymes being able to accelerate biochemical reactions?
What is the primary reason for enzymes being able to accelerate biochemical reactions?
What is the main role of inorganic catalysts in enzyme catalysis?
What is the main role of inorganic catalysts in enzyme catalysis?
What is the role of enzyme catalysis in the conversion of esters to other products?
What is the role of enzyme catalysis in the conversion of esters to other products?
Why is the base-catalyzed version of the reaction considered more stable than the uncatalyzed version?
Why is the base-catalyzed version of the reaction considered more stable than the uncatalyzed version?
What is the primary purpose of enzyme catalysis as discussed in the text?
What is the primary purpose of enzyme catalysis as discussed in the text?
What occurs when hydroxide is the attacking species in enzyme catalysis?
What occurs when hydroxide is the attacking species in enzyme catalysis?
Which type of catalysis is involved when H3O+ is present in the reaction?
Which type of catalysis is involved when H3O+ is present in the reaction?
What makes the base-catalyzed version of a reaction much better compared to the uncatalyzed version?
What makes the base-catalyzed version of a reaction much better compared to the uncatalyzed version?
What is the primary function of enzymes in biochemical reactions?
What is the primary function of enzymes in biochemical reactions?
In enzyme catalysis, what is the specific role of amino acid side chains?
In enzyme catalysis, what is the specific role of amino acid side chains?
Why are enzymes considered crucial in metabolic processes involving ester conversions?
Why are enzymes considered crucial in metabolic processes involving ester conversions?
Which type of catalysis occurs when pre-made small organic molecules help in enzyme catalysis?
Which type of catalysis occurs when pre-made small organic molecules help in enzyme catalysis?
What makes the base-catalyzed version of a reaction more stable than the acid-catalyzed version?
What makes the base-catalyzed version of a reaction more stable than the acid-catalyzed version?
'Chymotrypsin cleaves peptides containing aromatic residues' - What does this statement imply about chymotrypsin?
'Chymotrypsin cleaves peptides containing aromatic residues' - What does this statement imply about chymotrypsin?
'Enzyme catalysis stabilizes transition states' - What effect do enzymes have on the stability of transition states of reactions?
'Enzyme catalysis stabilizes transition states' - What effect do enzymes have on the stability of transition states of reactions?
'Enzyme catalysis is necessary for some metabolic processes' - What is the primary reason behind the need for catalysis in metabolic processes?
'Enzyme catalysis is necessary for some metabolic processes' - What is the primary reason behind the need for catalysis in metabolic processes?
'The prevalent conditions in the human body make it a poor vessel for chemical reactions.' - What type of catalyst is nature's solution to this problem?
'The prevalent conditions in the human body make it a poor vessel for chemical reactions.' - What type of catalyst is nature's solution to this problem?
What occurs when hydroxide is the attacking species in enzyme catalysis?
What occurs when hydroxide is the attacking species in enzyme catalysis?
What type of catalysis involves transition state 1 (TS1) and transition state 2 (TS2)?
What type of catalysis involves transition state 1 (TS1) and transition state 2 (TS2)?
What role do pre-made small organic molecules play in enzyme catalysis?
What role do pre-made small organic molecules play in enzyme catalysis?
What is the primary reason for the need of catalysis in the conversion of esters to other products?
What is the primary reason for the need of catalysis in the conversion of esters to other products?
What is the specific role of hydroxide as the attacking species in enzyme catalysis?
What is the specific role of hydroxide as the attacking species in enzyme catalysis?
Why is the base-catalyzed version of a reaction considered more stable than the uncatalyzed version?
Why is the base-catalyzed version of a reaction considered more stable than the uncatalyzed version?
What occurs when H3O+ is involved in the reaction in terms of catalysis?
What occurs when H3O+ is involved in the reaction in terms of catalysis?
What is the main role of inorganic catalysts in enzyme catalysis?
What is the main role of inorganic catalysts in enzyme catalysis?
What is the primary function of enzymes in biochemical reactions?
What is the primary function of enzymes in biochemical reactions?
What is the half-life of uncatalysed reactions in the human body at room temperature?
What is the half-life of uncatalysed reactions in the human body at room temperature?
What is the specific role of amino acid side chains in enzyme catalysis?
What is the specific role of amino acid side chains in enzyme catalysis?
What is the primary reason for enzymes being able to accelerate biochemical reactions?
What is the primary reason for enzymes being able to accelerate biochemical reactions?
What effect do enzymes have on the stability of transition states of reactions?
What effect do enzymes have on the stability of transition states of reactions?
What role do pre-made small organic molecules play in enzyme catalysis?
What role do pre-made small organic molecules play in enzyme catalysis?
What type of catalysis occurs when hydroxide is the attacking species in enzyme catalysis?
What type of catalysis occurs when hydroxide is the attacking species in enzyme catalysis?
What does the statement 'Chymotrypsin cleaves peptides containing aromatic residues' imply about chymotrypsin?
What does the statement 'Chymotrypsin cleaves peptides containing aromatic residues' imply about chymotrypsin?
What type of catalyst is nature's solution to the poor vessel conditions of the human body for chemical reactions?
What type of catalyst is nature's solution to the poor vessel conditions of the human body for chemical reactions?
What is the specific role of hydroxide as the attacking species in enzyme catalysis?
What is the specific role of hydroxide as the attacking species in enzyme catalysis?
What is the primary reason for enzymes being selective for particular substrates?
What is the primary reason for enzymes being selective for particular substrates?
What is the primary role of enzymes in biochemical reactions?
What is the primary role of enzymes in biochemical reactions?
What type of catalysis involves transition state 1 (TS1) and transition state 2 (TS2)?
What type of catalysis involves transition state 1 (TS1) and transition state 2 (TS2)?
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Study Notes
Enzyme Catalysis
- Enzyme catalysis is necessary for some metabolic processes.
- The reaction between an ester and an alcohol/water occurs spontaneously.
- The base-catalyzed version of the reaction is more stable than the acid-catalyzed version.
- Hydroxide as the attacking species represents general base catalysis.
- The nucleophilic attack involves transition state 1 (TS1) and transition state 2 (TS2).
Chymotrypsin
- Chymotrypsin is a member of the serine protease enzyme family.
- Chymotrypsin cleaves peptides containing aromatic residues.
Properties of Enzymes
- Enzyme catalysis stabilizes transition states.
- Enzymes are selective for particular substrates.
- Enzymes have a strong affinity for the transition states of reactions.
- Enzymes can accelerate biochemical reactions.
Catalysis
- General acid-catalysis is the only type of catalysis involved when H3O+ is present.
- Pre-made small organic molecules help in enzyme catalysis, involving general base catalysis.
- Enzymes are nature's solution to the poor vessel conditions of the human body for chemical reactions.
Reaction Rates
- Uncatalysed reactions in the human body have a half-life of 78 million years at room temperature.
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