Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which muscle is supplied by the common peroneal part of the sciatic nerve?
Which muscle is supplied by the common peroneal part of the sciatic nerve?
Which muscle has a dual nerve supply from both obturator and tibial nerves?
Which muscle has a dual nerve supply from both obturator and tibial nerves?
Which nerve supplies the gastrocnemius muscle in relation to plantarflexion?
Which nerve supplies the gastrocnemius muscle in relation to plantarflexion?
Which nerve supplies the gluteus medius muscle?
Which nerve supplies the gluteus medius muscle?
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Which muscle is responsible for adduction of the toes?
Which muscle is responsible for adduction of the toes?
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Which of the following muscles is NOT involved in the medial rotation of the thigh?
Which of the following muscles is NOT involved in the medial rotation of the thigh?
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Identify the muscle primarily involved in dorsiflexion of the ankle.
Identify the muscle primarily involved in dorsiflexion of the ankle.
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What is the primary nerve supplying the gastrocnemius muscle?
What is the primary nerve supplying the gastrocnemius muscle?
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Which nerve supplies the sartorius muscle?
Which nerve supplies the sartorius muscle?
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Which of the following statements regarding the innervation of the lumbricals is correct?
Which of the following statements regarding the innervation of the lumbricals is correct?
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Which muscle contributes to the movement known as plantarflexion?
Which muscle contributes to the movement known as plantarflexion?
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Which action is primarily associated with the tensor fasciae latae?
Which action is primarily associated with the tensor fasciae latae?
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What specific part of the sciatic nerve innervates the long head of biceps femoris?
What specific part of the sciatic nerve innervates the long head of biceps femoris?
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Which type of movement do the Fibularis muscles primarily facilitate?
Which type of movement do the Fibularis muscles primarily facilitate?
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What is the nerve supply of the Extensor Hallucis Longus muscle?
What is the nerve supply of the Extensor Hallucis Longus muscle?
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Which muscle is responsible for unlocking the knee via medial rotation?
Which muscle is responsible for unlocking the knee via medial rotation?
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Which nerve supplies the semimembranosus muscle?
Which nerve supplies the semimembranosus muscle?
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Which muscle is NOT involved in the movement of flexion at the interphalangeal joints?
Which muscle is NOT involved in the movement of flexion at the interphalangeal joints?
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What is the primary action of the tibialis anterior muscle?
What is the primary action of the tibialis anterior muscle?
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Which lower limb muscle is supplied by the obturator nerve?
Which lower limb muscle is supplied by the obturator nerve?
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Which of the following muscles is NOT involved in flexion of the knee?
Which of the following muscles is NOT involved in flexion of the knee?
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What nerve is associated with the extensor hallucis longus muscle?
What nerve is associated with the extensor hallucis longus muscle?
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Which of the following actions is NOT performed by the biceps femoris?
Which of the following actions is NOT performed by the biceps femoris?
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Which muscle is categorized under the extensors of the foot?
Which muscle is categorized under the extensors of the foot?
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Which nerve is primarily responsible for innervating the remaining lumbricals of the foot?
Which nerve is primarily responsible for innervating the remaining lumbricals of the foot?
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What is the most common site for posterior hip joint dislocation?
What is the most common site for posterior hip joint dislocation?
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Which condition is characterized by a patient exhibiting a lurching gait due to pelvic drop?
Which condition is characterized by a patient exhibiting a lurching gait due to pelvic drop?
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What is the primary motor function lost due to injury of the gluteus medius muscle?
What is the primary motor function lost due to injury of the gluteus medius muscle?
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Which muscle is NOT typically involved when a patient exhibits a positive Trendelenburg's sign?
Which muscle is NOT typically involved when a patient exhibits a positive Trendelenburg's sign?
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What is one of the common causes of superior gluteal nerve injury?
What is one of the common causes of superior gluteal nerve injury?
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What compensatory mechanism is observed in patients with a positive Trendelenburg's sign?
What compensatory mechanism is observed in patients with a positive Trendelenburg's sign?
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Which nerve is associated with lumbar disc herniation or prolapse?
Which nerve is associated with lumbar disc herniation or prolapse?
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What is the most common cause of foot drop in an individual presenting with difficulty dorsiflexing the foot after lifting a heavy object?
What is the most common cause of foot drop in an individual presenting with difficulty dorsiflexing the foot after lifting a heavy object?
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Which nerve injury is most commonly associated with paralysis of the anterior and lateral compartments of the leg?
Which nerve injury is most commonly associated with paralysis of the anterior and lateral compartments of the leg?
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Which of the following symptoms is least likely to be associated with piriformis syndrome?
Which of the following symptoms is least likely to be associated with piriformis syndrome?
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What specific motion is affected by an injury to the common peroneal nerve?
What specific motion is affected by an injury to the common peroneal nerve?
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What is the characteristic gait pattern observed in patients with common peroneal nerve injuries?
What is the characteristic gait pattern observed in patients with common peroneal nerve injuries?
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Which muscle group remains functional despite a common peroneal nerve injury?
Which muscle group remains functional despite a common peroneal nerve injury?
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What is a potential deformity observed in individuals with a common peroneal nerve injury?
What is a potential deformity observed in individuals with a common peroneal nerve injury?
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In which region is the common peroneal nerve most commonly injured?
In which region is the common peroneal nerve most commonly injured?
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Study Notes
Movements of Metatarsophalangeal Joints (Toes)
- Dorsiflexion (Extension): Extensor Digitorum Longus, Extensor Hallucis Longus (supplied by Anterior Tibial (Deep peroneal) Nerve)
- Plantarflexion (Flexion): Flexor Digitorum Longus, Flexor Hallucis Longus (supplied by Posterior Tibial Nerve)
- Adduction: Plantar Interossei (supplied by Lateral Plantar Nerve)
- Abduction: Dorsal Interossei of foot (also supplied by Lateral Plantar Nerve)
- Lumbricals: First lumbrical supplied by Medial Plantar Nerve, remaining lumbricals supplied by Lateral Plantar Nerve
Movements of Inter-phalangeal Joints (Phalanges)
- Dorsiflexion (Extension): Extensor Digitorum Longus, Extensor Hallucis Longus (Anterior Tibial (Deep peroneal) Nerve)
- Plantarflexion (Flexion): Flexor Digitorum Longus, Flexor Hallucis Longus (Posterior Tibial Nerve)
- Extension of Interphalangeal Joints: Lumbricals of Foot (supplied by Tibial part of Sciatic Nerve except for the short head of Biceps Femoris which is supplied by the Common Peroneal part of the Sciatic Nerve)
Movements of the Knee Joint
-
Flexion:
- Gastrocnemius & Plantaris (Posterior tibial nerve)
- Biceps Femoris (Long Head: Tibial part of sciatic nerve; Short Head: Common peroneal nerve)
- Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus (Tibial part of sciatic nerve)
- Sartorius (Femoral nerve)
- Gracilis (Obturator nerve)
- Popliteus (Posterior tibial nerve)
-
Extension:
- Quadriceps Femoris (supplied by Femoral nerve)
-
Medial Rotation (Unlocking of the Knee):
- Popliteus (Posterior tibial nerve)
- Sartorius (Femoral nerve)
- Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus (Tibial part of sciatic nerve)
- Gracilis (Obturator nerve)
-
Lateral Rotation (Locking of the Knee):
- Biceps Femoris (Long Head: Tibial part of sciatic nerve; Short Head: Common peroneal nerve)
Movements of the Ankle Joint
-
Dorsiflexion (Extension):
- Tibialis Anterior (Anterior Tibial (Deep peroneal) Nerve)
- Extensor Digitorum Longus (Anterior Tibial (Deep peroneal) Nerve)
- Extensor Hallucis Longus (Anterior Tibial (Deep peroneal) Nerve)
- Peroneus (Fibularis) Tertius (Anterior Tibial (Deep peroneal) Nerve)
Superior Gluteal Nerve Injury
-
Commonest Cause:
- Intramuscular injections in the gluteal region
- Greater trochanter fracture
- Posterior hip joint dislocation
- Commonest Site: Supero-medial quadrant of the gluteal region
- Deformity: Limp (Waddling Gait) (Gluteal Gait) (Lurching Gait)
-
Muscles Paralyzed:
- Gluteus medius
- Gluteus minimus
- Tensor fasciae latae
-
Motor Loss:
- Abduction of thigh
- Medial rotation of thigh
Trendelenburg’s Sign
- Occurs in individuals with weakened or paralyzed abductor muscles (gluteus medius and gluteus minimus) of the hip
- Demonstrated by asking the patient to stand on one leg.
- When standing on the affected limb, the pelvis drops severely on the opposite (healthy) side
- Positive sign is typically found in patients with damage to the superior gluteal nerve
- Patients compensate for the pelvic drop by lurching the trunk to the affected side to maintain pelvic level during gait
Sciatic Nerve Injury
-
Commonest Cause:
- Lumbar disc prolapse (herniation)
- Piriformis Syndrome (spasm in piriformis)
- Stab wound in the gluteal region or posterior compartment of thigh
- Commonest Site: Any part of the sciatic nerve’s course
-
Muscles Paralyzed:
- Hamstring muscles
- All leg muscles
- All foot muscles
-
Motor Loss:
- Extension of hip (gluteus maximus may still function if nerve injury is away from inferior gluteal nerve)
- Flexion of knee (sartorius and gracilis may still function)
- Dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, inversion & eversion of foot
Common Peroneal Nerve Injury
- Commonest Cause: Fracture of the neck of the fibula
- Commonest Site: Lateral aspect of the knee joint
-
Deformity:
- Foot drop (plantarflexed and inverted)
- "Too long" limb
- Associated with stepping gait
- Muscles Paralyzed: Muscles of the anterior and lateral compartments of the leg
- Motor Loss: Dorsiflexion and eversion
Case Scenario (Staff Question)
- Most common cause of foot drop in a 45-year-old male with difficulty lifting the front part of his foot after lifting a heavy object, experiencing lower back pain radiating down his leg, high-stepping gait, and reduced sensation over the dorsum of the foot and lateral aspect of the lower leg: Herniated lumbar disc
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Description
This quiz covers the movements of metatarsophalangeal and inter-phalangeal joints, focusing on the associated muscles and their nerve supply. Understand how dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, adduction, and abduction are performed by various muscles. Test your knowledge on the contributions of different nerves in foot movements.
