Movement Science Week 5

Study Notes

Foot and Ankle Anatomy

The foot is divided into three sections: rearfoot (talus and calcaneus), midfoot (tarsal bones), and forefoot (metatarsals and phalanges).
There are seven primary bones in the foot: calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuboid, lateral cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, and medial cuneiform.

Foot and Ankle Joints

There are three major joints in the foot and ankle: talocrural joint, subtalar joint, and transverse tarsal joint.
The talocrural joint is the ankle joint.
The subtalar joint connects the talus and calcaneus.
The transverse tarsal joint is a combination of the calcaneocuboid and talonavicular joints.

Foot and Ankle Movements

Fundamental movements:
- Plantarflexion and dorsiflexion (medial-lateral axis)
- Inversion and eversion (anterior-posterior axis)
- Abduction and adduction (vertical axis)
Applied movements:
- Pronation: eversion, abduction, and dorsiflexion.
- Supination: inversion, adduction, and plantarflexion.

Talocrural Joint

This joint has a convex structure (talus) moving within a concave structure (tibia and fibula).
The axis of rotation runs through the malleoli and sits slightly posterior and inferior to the medial malleolus.
Osteokinematics:
- Dorsiflexion: posterior slide with anterior roll.
- Plantarflexion: posterior roll with anterior slide.
Arthrokinematics:
- Dorsiflexion: posterior slide with anterior roll.
- Plantarflexion: posterior roll with anterior slide.

Subtalar Joint

Osteokinematics:
- Pronation: eversion and abduction.
- Supination: inversion and adduction.
Arthrokinematics in open chain (non-weight bearing):
- Eversion: roll and glide in opposite directions.
- Inversion: roll and glide in the same direction.
Arthrokinematics in closed chain (weight bearing):
- Tibia and talus move on the fixed calcaneus.

Transverse Tarsal Joint

This joint connects the talus and navicular, and the calcaneus and cuboid.
Osteokinematics:
- Pronation: abduction and dorsiflexion.
- Supination: adduction and plantarflexion.
Arthrokinematics:
- Roll and glide in the same direction.

Key Considerations

The applied movements of pronation and supination are a combination of fundamental movements.
The oblique axis of rotation at each joint influences these movements.
The transverse tarsal joint allows for opposing directions of movement between the forefoot and rearfoot.
The subtalar and transverse tarsal joints work in conjunction to control pronation and supination.

Description

Test your knowledge of the anatomy and movements of the foot and ankle. This quiz covers the structure, joints, and fundamental movements associated with the foot and ankle. Ideal for students in anatomy or physical therapy programs.