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Questions and Answers
What are the three major joints of the ankle?
Which of the following bones is NOT one of the seven primary bones of the foot?
What is the location of the talocrural joint?
Which section of the foot includes the talus and calcaneus?
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What two joints make up the transverse tarsal joint?
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What movement occurs in the talocrural joint during dorsiflexion?
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Which movement predominantly aids in supination at the subtalar joint?
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What occurs to the calcaneus in an open chain position?
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Which joint is sometimes referred to as the midtarsal joint?
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What fundamental movements are involved in pronation at the subtalar joint?
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How does the transverse tarsal joint contribute to foot movement?
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What is the axis of rotation of the subtalar joint related to?
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What are the main components of pronation in the talocrural joint?
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Which joint is primarily involved in dorsiflexion and plantar flexion?
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What axis contributes to the oblique nature of movement in the foot?
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How does the lateral malleolus position affect the motion at the talocrural joint?
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What type of movement is represented by the terms abduction and adduction in the context of foot movement?
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Which bones make up the mortise joint around the talus?
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Which of the following correctly describes supination?
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What is true about fundamental movement at the foot's joints?
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Study Notes
Overview of Foot and Ankle Structure
- Focus on identifying key osteologic features of the foot and ankle.
- Differentiate between fundamental foot and ankle movements versus applied movements.
- Analyze osteokinematic and arthrokinematic motions at the major foot and ankle joints.
Major Joints of the Ankle and Foot
- Three primary joints: Talocrural Joint, Subtalar Joint, and Transverse Tarsal Joint.
- Talocrural joint serves as the true ankle joint, involving the talus and crura.
- Subtalar joint and transverse tarsal joint facilitate complex foot movements.
Foot Anatomy
- The foot comprises seven primary bones:
- Calcaneus
- Talus
- Navicular
- Cuboid
- Three cuneiforms: lateral, intermediate, and medial.
- The foot is divided into three sections:
- Rearfoot: Includes calcaneus and talus.
- Midfoot: Contains remaining tarsal bones.
- Forefoot: Comprises metatarsals and phalanges.
Terminology of Foot Movement
- Fundamental Movements: Defined by standard axes of rotation; include plantar flexion, dorsiflexion, inversion, eversion, abduction, and adduction.
- Applied Movements: More complex movements incorporating oblique axes of rotation leading to pronation and supination.
Pronation and Supination
- Pronation: Involves eversion, abduction, and dorsiflexion.
- Supination: Involves inversion, adduction, and plantar flexion.
- Pronation and supination occur around oblique axes resulting from the anatomical structure of the ankle.
Talocrural Joint Mechanics
- The axis of rotation runs between the malleoli, influencing movement characteristics.
- Dorsiflexion: Results in posterior slide and anterior roll.
- Plantar Flexion: Results in anterior slide and posterior roll.
Subtalar Joint
- Articulates between the talus and calcaneus and contributes to pronation/supination.
- Movement differs in non-weight bearing vs. weight-bearing positions:
- Non-weight bearing: calcaneus moves on a fixed talus.
- Weight-bearing: tibia moves relative to the fixed calcaneus.
Transverse Tarsal Joint
- Composed of two joints: talonavicular and calcaneocuboid.
- Allows flexibility between forefoot and rearfoot movements, enhancing foot adaptability.
Arthrokinematics of Subtalar Joint
- Pronation: Eversion and abduction are primary movements.
- Supination: Inversion and adduction contribute significantly.
- Movement dynamics differ in open chain (calcaneus moves) versus closed chain (tibia and talus move).
Transverse Tarsal Joint Function
- Offers longitudinal stability, working in tandem with the subtalar joint to facilitate movement.
Summary of Motion Contributions
- Pronation and supination are influenced by specific fundamental movements:
- Pronation: abduction and dorsiflexion.
- Supination: adduction and plantar flexion.
- The interactions between various joints and their movements account for the complexity of foot dynamics during locomotion.
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Description
This quiz explores the osteologic features and anatomy of the foot and ankle. You'll identify key joints and differentiate between foot movements, while analyzing both osteokinematic and arthrokinematic actions. Perfect for those studying foot and ankle structure in depth.
