Mountain Geography

Geography

• Mount Kilimanjaro, located in Tanzania, is composed of three distinct volcanic cones: Kibo, Mawenzi, and Shira.
• Dr. Hans Meyer and Ludwig Purtscheller were the first to reach the Kibo summit in 1889.
• Above 12,000 feet, the mountain is too cold to support any wildlife.

Denali

• Denali, located in Alaska, is the largest mountain in North America, rising up to 20,310 feet.
• Denali was formed due to tectonic plates pushing together.
• The mountain is extremely cold and has many glaciers and crevasses, making it challenging to climb to the summit.

Landforms

• A landform is any natural feature of the earth's surface.
• Examples of landforms include mountains, valleys, canyons, lakes, rivers, coasts, and bays.
• The Alps are the largest mountain range in Europe, while Turkey is home to similarly tall mountains.

European Geography

• Mount Ararat in Turkey and Mont Blanc in the Alps are the tallest mountains in political Europe.
• The largest canyon in Europe is the Tara River Canyon in Montenegro, which is 4,265 feet deep.
• The longest river in Europe is the Blue Danube, stretching 1,780 miles.

European Rivers

• Four main rivers make up Western Europe: the Danube, the Rhine, the Rhône, and the Oder.
• These rivers begin with smaller tributaries and flow into the Baltic Sea or the Mediterranean Sea.
• They are important waterways for transportation and trade.

Spain

• Spain is located in the southwestern part of Europe.
• The main religion is Catholicism, and the main language is Spanish, with four other regional co-official languages.
• The Romans and the Moors played a significant role in shaping Spain's history.

Western Europe

• The Alps and Pyrenees are mountain ranges in Western Europe.
• The Alps stretch from southern France to Switzerland, Austria, and northern Italy.
• The Pyrenees separate Spain from the rest of Europe, offering protection and preserving culture and language.

France

• France has a long and sometimes violent history, originally known as Gaul.
• The monarchy system was replaced by an elected government.
• Visitors can enjoy beautiful scenery, landmarks like the Eiffel Tower, and delicious food like crepes.

Mediterranean Sea

• The Atlantic Ocean is connected to the Mediterranean Sea by the Strait of Gibraltar.
• The Mediterranean Sea is divided into two sections, and five major rivers empty into the Black Sea.
• The Aegean Sea has many natural bays and ports due to its geography.

British Isles

• The British Isles are home to Scotland, Wales, Ireland, and England, separated from France by the English Channel.
• The United Kingdom consists of Northern Ireland, England, Scotland, and Wales, separate from the Republic of Ireland.
• Wales has a mountainous geography, while Scotland is home to many small islands and lochs.

Dark Ages

• The Dark Ages began after the fall of the Western Roman Empire and ended in 1453 with the fall of the Eastern Roman Empire.
• During the High Dark Ages, people lived in fiefs where peasants worked for lords in exchange for protection.
• The Black Death, a deadly disease, killed anywhere from 75 to 200 million people.

Christianity

• Christianity became popular across Europe due to the conversion of Emperor Constantine.
• The Pope is the leader of the Catholic Church in the west, while Orthodox Christianity exists in the east.
• Christianity in Europe has declined over time.

William the Conqueror

• William the Conqueror was one of the most famous kings in England's history due to his invasion of the country.
• He built a massive fleet of ships to bring his army from France to England and won the Battle of Hastings.
• He is remembered as a ruthless leader.

Feudalism

• Feudalism was the system in place during the Middle Ages in Europe that existed instead of strong central governments.
• People gave kings and lords money and worked in exchange for protection.
• Fiefs were lands given out to vassals, and vassals were the people getting the land.

Charlemagne

• Charlemagne was a king who united the areas that are today France, Germany, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Belgium, and parts of Italy and Spain.
• He conquered and converted an area of Europe, and was crowned emperor of the Holy Roman Empire on Christmas Day by the Pope.
• Charlemagne was one of the great leaders of European history.

Geography

• Mount Kilimanjaro, located in Tanzania, is composed of three distinct volcanic cones: Kibo, Mawenzi, and Shira.
• Dr. Hans Meyer and Ludwig Purtscheller were the first to reach the Kibo summit in 1889.
• Above 12,000 feet, the mountain is too cold to support any wildlife.

Denali

• Denali, located in Alaska, is the largest mountain in North America, rising up to 20,310 feet.
• Denali was formed due to tectonic plates pushing together.
• The mountain is extremely cold and has many glaciers and crevasses, making it challenging to climb to the summit.

Landforms

• A landform is any natural feature of the earth's surface.
• Examples of landforms include mountains, valleys, canyons, lakes, rivers, coasts, and bays.
• The Alps are the largest mountain range in Europe, while Turkey is home to similarly tall mountains.

European Geography

• Mount Ararat in Turkey and Mont Blanc in the Alps are the tallest mountains in political Europe.
• The largest canyon in Europe is the Tara River Canyon in Montenegro, which is 4,265 feet deep.
• The longest river in Europe is the Blue Danube, stretching 1,780 miles.

European Rivers

• Four main rivers make up Western Europe: the Danube, the Rhine, the Rhône, and the Oder.
• These rivers begin with smaller tributaries and flow into the Baltic Sea or the Mediterranean Sea.
• They are important waterways for transportation and trade.

Spain

• Spain is located in the southwestern part of Europe.
• The main religion is Catholicism, and the main language is Spanish, with four other regional co-official languages.
• The Romans and the Moors played a significant role in shaping Spain's history.

Western Europe

• The Alps and Pyrenees are mountain ranges in Western Europe.
• The Alps stretch from southern France to Switzerland, Austria, and northern Italy.
• The Pyrenees separate Spain from the rest of Europe, offering protection and preserving culture and language.

France

• France has a long and sometimes violent history, originally known as Gaul.
• The monarchy system was replaced by an elected government.
• Visitors can enjoy beautiful scenery, landmarks like the Eiffel Tower, and delicious food like crepes.

Mediterranean Sea

• The Atlantic Ocean is connected to the Mediterranean Sea by the Strait of Gibraltar.
• The Mediterranean Sea is divided into two sections, and five major rivers empty into the Black Sea.
• The Aegean Sea has many natural bays and ports due to its geography.

British Isles

• The British Isles are home to Scotland, Wales, Ireland, and England, separated from France by the English Channel.
• The United Kingdom consists of Northern Ireland, England, Scotland, and Wales, separate from the Republic of Ireland.
• Wales has a mountainous geography, while Scotland is home to many small islands and lochs.

Dark Ages

• The Dark Ages began after the fall of the Western Roman Empire and ended in 1453 with the fall of the Eastern Roman Empire.
• During the High Dark Ages, people lived in fiefs where peasants worked for lords in exchange for protection.
• The Black Death, a deadly disease, killed anywhere from 75 to 200 million people.

Christianity

• Christianity became popular across Europe due to the conversion of Emperor Constantine.
• The Pope is the leader of the Catholic Church in the west, while Orthodox Christianity exists in the east.
• Christianity in Europe has declined over time.

William the Conqueror

• William the Conqueror was one of the most famous kings in England's history due to his invasion of the country.
• He built a massive fleet of ships to bring his army from France to England and won the Battle of Hastings.
• He is remembered as a ruthless leader.

Feudalism

• Feudalism was the system in place during the Middle Ages in Europe that existed instead of strong central governments.
• People gave kings and lords money and worked in exchange for protection.
• Fiefs were lands given out to vassals, and vassals were the people getting the land.

Charlemagne

• Charlemagne was a king who united the areas that are today France, Germany, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Belgium, and parts of Italy and Spain.
• He conquered and converted an area of Europe, and was crowned emperor of the Holy Roman Empire on Christmas Day by the Pope.
• Charlemagne was one of the great leaders of European history.