16 Questions
What is the main cause of mountain formation?
Tectonic plate movement
Which type of plate boundary is characterized by plates moving apart?
Divergent
What is the term for the process of the Earth's crust being broken down and worn away?
Erosion
What type of volcanic landform is characterized by a gently sloping, broad shape?
Shield volcano
What is the term for the movement of sediment along the coastline?
Longshore drift
What type of desert landform is characterized by a ridge of sand formed by wind?
Dune
What is the term for the accumulation of sediment along the coastline?
Deposition
What is the term for the process of the Earth's crust being uplifted and exposed?
Denudation
What type of mountain formation is characterized by the folding of the Earth's crust?
Fold
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Study Notes
Mountain Formation
-
Types of Mountain Formation:
- Volcanic: formed by volcanic activity
- Fold: formed by folding of the Earth's crust
- Block: formed by faulting and uplift of the Earth's crust
-
Factors Affecting Mountain Formation:
- Tectonic plate movement
- Volcanic activity
- Weathering and erosion
- Uplift and denudation
Plate Tectonics
- Theory: the Earth's lithosphere is broken into several large plates that move relative to each other
-
Types of Plate Boundaries:
- Divergent: plates moving apart
- Convergent: plates moving towards each other
- Transform: plates sliding past each other
-
Processes:
- Seafloor spreading
- Continental drift
- Subduction
Volcanic Landforms
-
Types of Volcanic Landforms:
- Shield volcanoes: gently sloping, broad volcanoes
- Composite volcanoes: steep-sided, conical volcanoes
- Calderas: large depressions formed by volcanic collapse
-
Features:
- Volcanic cones
- Lava flows
- Volcanic ash and lapilli
- Volcanic fields
Coastal Features
-
Types of Coastal Features:
- Beaches: gently sloping areas of sand or pebbles
- Cliffs: steep faces of rock or soil
- Headlands: rocky areas that jut out into the sea
- Bays: curves of coastline forming a partial enclosure
-
Processes:
- Erosion: wear away of the coastline by wind and water
- Deposition: accumulation of sediment along the coastline
- Longshore drift: movement of sediment along the coastline
Desert Landforms
-
Types of Desert Landforms:
- Dunes: ridges of sand formed by wind
- Oases: isolated areas of vegetation in the desert
- Playas: dry lake beds
- Mesa: flat-topped hills formed by erosion
-
Features:
- Sand sheets
- Deflation basins
- Desert pavement
- Arroyos
Test your knowledge of mountain formation, plate tectonics, volcanic landforms, coastal features, and desert landforms. Learn about the processes that shape our planet's surface.
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