Motor Skills Classification Chapter 1

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Questions and Answers

What are motor skills/actions?

Activities or tasks that require voluntary control over movements of the joints and body segments to achieve a goal.

Which of the following are characteristics of motor skills/actions? (Select all that apply)

  • Needs to be learned or relearned (correct)
  • Goal oriented (correct)
  • Involuntary movements
  • Movements of the body and/or limbs are required (correct)

Define movements in the context of motor skills.

Specific patterns of motion among joints and body segments used to accomplish action goals.

What is a one-dimensional classification system?

<p>A way of categorizing skills based on one common characteristic, with binary options that can be used as descriptors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three motor skill classification systems that use the one-dimensional system? (Select all that apply)

<p>Size of primary musculature required (A), Stability of the environmental context (C), Specificity of where the action begins and ends (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a gross motor skill?

<p>A skill requiring large primary musculature (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a continuous motor skill?

<p>Arbitrary beginning and end of the action (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an open motor skill?

<p>A skill performed in a moving environment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Gentile's Two-Dimensions Taxonomy?

<p>A system of classification that categorizes motor skills based on two characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are regulatory conditions in motor skills?

<p>Features of the environmental context to which movements must conform if they are to achieve the action goal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does intertrial variability refer to?

<p>Whether the regulatory conditions associated with the performance of the skill change or stay the same from one trial to the next.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the action in Gentile's taxonomy?

<p>The dimension that includes whether the body is stable, or being transported, as well as whether there is object manipulation or not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Motor Skills/Actions

  • Activities requiring voluntary control over body movements to achieve specific goals.

Characteristics of Motor Skills

  • Goal-oriented in nature.
  • Movements are voluntary rather than reflexive.
  • Involve the use of body and limb movements.
  • Skills must be learned or relearned for mastery.

Movements

  • Specific patterns of motion involving joints and body segments to accomplish action objectives.

One-Dimension Classification System

  • Categorizes skills based on a single characteristic with binary descriptive options.

Three One-Dimension Classification Systems

  • Based on:
    • Size of primary musculature needed.
    • Specificity of action start and end points.
    • Stability of environmental context.

Size of Musculature Classification

  • Gross motor skills: Involve large muscle groups (e.g., walking, jumping).
  • Fine motor skills: Involve small muscle groups (e.g., signing a cheque, buttoning a shirt).

Specificity of Action Classification

  • Continuous motor skills: No distinct start/end; repetitive actions (e.g., steering a car, swimming).
  • Discrete motor skills: Defined start/end; single actions (e.g., flipping a switch, hitting a piano key).
  • Serial motor skills: Sequence of discrete movements (e.g., playing a song, typing).

Stability of Environmental Context Classification

  • Open motor skills: Conditions that are variable; involves movement of surfaces, objects, or people (e.g., driving, walking in crowds).
  • Closed motor skills: Stable conditions; little to no movement from surfaces or objects (e.g., picking up a cup, shooting free throws).

Gentile's Two-Dimensions Taxonomy

  • Classification system categorizing motor skills based on two dimensions: regulatory conditions and function of the action.

Regulatory Conditions

  • Environmental features that movements must adapt to in order to meet the action goal.

Intertrial Variability

  • Assesses if the regulatory conditions change or remain constant across trials of a skill.

Function of the Action

  • The second dimension in Gentile’s taxonomy; considers body stability or transport along with object manipulation during the task.

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