Motor Skills and Sensory Systems Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which sensory systems are primarily involved in motor control?

Touch, smell, and hearing

Proprioception, touch, and vision (correct)

Vision, smell, and taste

Auditory, touch, and proprioception

What was one significant observation made by Sherrington regarding proprioception?

We cannot sense our limbs' position without visual input.

Proprioception relies solely on touch and auditory cues.

We can still detect limb position without motor commands. (correct)

Muscle sense is purely a peripheral signal.

Which type of receptors play a major role in kinesthesia?

Muscle spindles (correct)

Golgi tendon organs

Cutaneous receptors

Joint receptors

What did Aristotle believe about the number of senses?

There are only five senses: sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch. Signup and view all the answers

What fibers are primarily responsible for the primary endings of muscle spindles?

Group I afferent fibers Signup and view all the answers

What role do the kinesthetic sensors play in proprioception?

They provide feedback about muscular exertion and position. Signup and view all the answers

What effect does vibration of the biceps or triceps brachii tendon have on position sense?

Creates an illusion of movement Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about proprioception in the elderly is accurate?

Aged individuals may struggle with proprioceptive awareness. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of gamma dynamic fusimotor fibers in muscle spindles?

Innervate the bag 1 fibers Signup and view all the answers

Which concept was rejected by Sherrington about muscle sense?

Peripheral signals chiefly govern muscle sense. Signup and view all the answers

What was the finding related to position and movement sense in patients after total hip replacement?

Both sense remained intact Signup and view all the answers

What did the term 'Muskelsinn' refer to in the historical discussion of proprioception?

The concept of proprioception as perceived by the brain. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the distribution of chain fibers in muscle spindles?

Lie within the limits of the capsule Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not typically considered a main component of motor control?

Taste Signup and view all the answers

At what frequency is vibration most effective for eliciting a proprioceptive response in human muscles?

80 Hz Signup and view all the answers

The sense of proprioception can be derived from which of the following sources?

Joint ligaments and skin Signup and view all the answers

What role do skin afferents play in kinesthesia?

They significantly contribute to movement sensation at most joints. Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves on muscle spindles?

It stimulates the spindles and causes illusory movements. Signup and view all the answers

How do Golgi tendon organs contribute to proprioception?

They contribute to the senses of force and heaviness. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the overestimation of force during self-stimulation?

Partial suppression of afferent activity. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when an arm is exercised to fatigue in terms of force matching?

The unfatigued muscle generates a higher force than expected. Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum acceptable matching error in force under control conditions?

5% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) or less Signup and view all the answers

What implication does sensory suppression have in everyday activities?

It allows focus on external stimuli. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between force matching accuracy and muscle fatigue?

Muscle fatigue can lead to overestimation of generated force. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary muscle function being measured in the seated subject's forearms during the torque experiment?

Elbow flexion Signup and view all the answers

What was the percentage drop in maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) torque after the fatiguing eccentric contractions?

40% Signup and view all the answers

How much did the unexercised arm overestimate the torque generated by the fatigued reference arm?

14% Signup and view all the answers

What was the residual matching error percentage after 100 hours of recovery?

4% Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of proprioception may be impaired in the elderly due to sarcopenia?

Dynamic sensitivity of spindle primary endings Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following exercises is NOT typically considered a proprioceptive training exercise?

Performing squats with weights Signup and view all the answers

What was observed regarding the number of sensory endings in muscle spindles of aged rats?

They were about normal Signup and view all the answers

What potential benefit does proprioceptive training offer to athletes?

Reduced incidence of ankle sprains Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Motor Skills and Motor Games: Sensory Components of Motor Control

Course title: Motor Skills and Motor Games
Course instructor: Juan Pablo Rey Lopez
Course professor's affiliation: Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM)
Course credits: 4.5 ECTS
Course timing: First semester 2024/25

Introduction

Understanding the anatomical and physiological basis of sensory systems (touch, proprioception, vision) is crucial for comprehending how these influence movement control.
Sensory systems like touch, proprioception, and vision play a vital role in everyday activities, such as reaching for a drink or catching a ball.

Sensory Physiology Involved in Motor Control

The three major senses involved in human sensory physiology for motor control are proprioception, touch, and vision.
Other senses, like auditory information, are relevant in activities like sports or maintaining balance.

Proprioception

Historical Background:
- Aristotle believed in five primary senses; more complex views on sensing body position evolved later.
- Physiologists of the past, such as Bell, described connections between voluntary muscles and the brain in regards to body position.
- German physiologists considered a "muscle sense" but focused on brain-based sensation rather than muscle-originating sensation.
- Charles Scott Sherrington challenged the idea of muscle sense as a purely centralized sensation and emphasized peripheral signals.
Definition: The ability to sense the position and movement of body parts in space including the strength of muscle force.
Proprioceptors: Tissues containing mechanical sensors that respond to changes in shape or tension based on passive or active movement, these include skeletal muscle, tendons, joint ligaments, connective tissues surrounding muscles, and skin.
Kinesthetic Sensors (Muscle Spindles): Crucial for kinesthesia (movement awareness).
- Structure of sensory fibers (intrafusal fibers) and other relevant details.
- Important role in proprioception and muscle length changes.
- Evidence from joint replacement surgery and muscle vibration studies highlight muscle spindles as a dominant mechanoreceptor responsible for proprioception.

Proprioception in the Elderly

Muscle fiber and motoneuron loss is common and can affect proprioceptive functions.
Aging impacts muscle spindles.
Studies indicate potential reductions in proprioceptive sensitivity related to age.

Proprioceptive Training and Ankle Sprains

Proprioceptive Training: Exercises designed to improve the ability of the joints to detect and react to sensory input regulating joint position.
Examples: balancing on wobble boards, throwing/catching objects, dribbling a ball while in single-leg stance, and closed-eye balancing.
Goal: Reduce the incidence and recurrence of ankle sprains in sports.

The Senses of Force

The ability to sense and match forces.
Studies contrasting self-generated force with externally produced force reveal overestimation of self-generated force at low levels.
This overestimation seems due to a partial suppression of afferent activity associated with self-generated force, letting attention focus on external sensations.
The same overestimation effect applies to fatigue on one specific arm affecting the opposing, unaffected arm.

Analyzing Results of RCTs

Common analysis techniques for clinical trials: comparisons of risks, time-to-event analyses, and means comparisons.

Relative Risk (Risk Ratio or Rate Ratio)

Relative risk (RR) is used in calculations to determine the relationship between an exposure and an outcome.
The relative risk ratio is 1.0 if there is no association between exposure and outcome.
A relative risk ratio of less than 1 indicates protection, while a relative risk ratio greater than 1 suggests an increased risk.

Survival Curve (Kaplan-Meier Curve)

Visual representation of patient survival over time
Depicts the effect of a treatment on patient survival rates.

Number Needed to Treat (NNT)

Calculation method to estimate the number of patients who require treatment to prevent one additional bad outcome.
Calculated as the inverse of the absolute risk reduction.

Additional Considerations

The effectiveness of proprioceptive training in preventing ankle sprains in sports populations.
Consideration of people with a history of ankle sprains and those without a history, as this could affect training outcomes.
Effectiveness of bracing vs proprioceptive training for preventing ankle sprains.

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Description

This quiz explores the sensory components of motor control, focusing on proprioception, touch, and vision. Gain insights into how these sensory modalities influence movement in everyday activities and sports. Test your understanding of the anatomical and physiological underpinnings of these sensory systems.