Podcast
Questions and Answers
What distinguishes open-loop control from closed-loop control in motor skills?
What distinguishes open-loop control from closed-loop control in motor skills?
- Closed-loop control is not influenced by external factors.
- Open-loop control relies on feedback during the task.
- Open-loop control is used exclusively in fast tasks.
- Closed-loop control uses sensory input to adjust movements. (correct)
Which of the following factors is NOT typically associated with improving reaction time?
Which of the following factors is NOT typically associated with improving reaction time?
- Practicing under variable conditions.
- Reducing the complexity of the task.
- Increasing processing stages. (correct)
- Utilizing internal attention.
In Fitts' Law, which of the following accurately describes the relationship between movement speed and accuracy?
In Fitts' Law, which of the following accurately describes the relationship between movement speed and accuracy?
- There is no relationship between speed and accuracy in motor tasks.
- A trade-off exists where increased speed reduces accuracy. (correct)
- Faster movements require less accuracy.
- Greater accuracy is achieved by increasing movement speed.
What is a primary benefit of using augmented feedback during skill practice?
What is a primary benefit of using augmented feedback during skill practice?
Which practice schedule is likely to produce better long-term retention of motor skills?
Which practice schedule is likely to produce better long-term retention of motor skills?
Flashcards
Open Loop Control
Open Loop Control
A system where movements are pre-programmed and executed without feedback during the action. Think of a pre-recorded dance routine.
Reaction Time
Reaction Time
The time it takes to initiate a movement after receiving a stimulus. It encompasses the time required to process information and plan the response.
Stretch Reflex
Stretch Reflex
An automatic, involuntary response to muscle stretching. It helps maintain balance and prevent injury.
Fitts' Law
Fitts' Law
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Massed vs. Distributed Practice
Massed vs. Distributed Practice
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Study Notes
Motor Skill Classification
- Motor skills are categorized into different systems for study.
- Open vs. closed-loop control systems categorize skills based on the environment's stability. Open-loop skills require pre-programmed movements (e.g., throwing a ball). Closed-loop skills involve adjustments based on sensory feedback (e.g., walking).
Reaction Time and Information Processing
- Reaction time measures the time between a stimulus and a response.
- Information processing involves stages: stimulus identification, response selection, and motor programming.
Attention
- Attention can be internal (focused on thoughts/feelings) or external (focused on the environment).
Stretch Reflex
- The stretch reflex is the automatic response of a muscle to stretching. It helps maintain posture and stability.
Moving Room Study
- The moving room study investigates the visual system's ability to update perception of self-movement in a changing environment.
Two Visual Systems
- The "disc illusion" study highlights the difference between the two visual systems: one for object recognition and one for navigation.
Fitts' Law
- Fitts' Law describes the relationship between the time to move and the difficulty of the task. More precise movements (smaller targets) need more time, given a constant movement amplitude.
Part vs. Whole Practice
- Part practice involves breaking down complex task into smaller, separated movements and practicing each part. Whole practice involves practicing the entire skill from the start. Different situations may favor different methods.
Augmented Feedback
- Augmented feedback provides additional information about performance.
- Intermittent feedback strategies offer feedback at varied intervals/times, sometimes better than constant feedback.
Practice Variability
- Practice variability involves practicing the skill in different contexts.
- Schema development occurs when practicing a skill in varying contexts; the learner develops a general understanding of the skill to adapt to specific situations without specific planning for each new instance.
- Contextual interference describes the beneficial influence of practicing different variations of a skill.
- Varying schedules of practice can positively impact skill acquisition.
Massed vs. Distributed Practice
- Massed practice involves practicing the same skill repeatedly in a short interval.
- Distributed practice involves spaced-out practice over a longer period of time, which may be an important factor in learning and retention.
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