Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which sensory receptor is primarily responsible for sensing muscle stretch and contributing to force production?
Which sensory receptor is primarily responsible for sensing muscle stretch and contributing to force production?
- Joint receptors
- Golgi Tendon Organ
- Muscle spindle (correct)
- Vestibular receptors
Where are cones most densely concentrated on the retina, enhancing visual acuity?
Where are cones most densely concentrated on the retina, enhancing visual acuity?
- Peripheral retina
- Fovea (correct)
- Entire retina equally
- Optic disc
What type of vision is primarily associated with detecting movement and peripheral objects?
What type of vision is primarily associated with detecting movement and peripheral objects?
- Ambient vision (correct)
- Focal vision
- Visual acuity vision
- Foveal vision
Which sensory system plays a key role in maintaining balance and spatial orientation?
Which sensory system plays a key role in maintaining balance and spatial orientation?
What role does the Golgi Tendon Organ primarily serve in muscle function?
What role does the Golgi Tendon Organ primarily serve in muscle function?
Which vision type is responsible for detailed object recognition in bright light conditions?
Which vision type is responsible for detailed object recognition in bright light conditions?
In which part of the retina are rods predominantly located, making them essential for dim light vision?
In which part of the retina are rods predominantly located, making them essential for dim light vision?
Which sensory receptors are involved in sensing changes in joint position and movement?
Which sensory receptors are involved in sensing changes in joint position and movement?
Which system in the body integrates sensory information to form a complete perception of the environment?
Which system in the body integrates sensory information to form a complete perception of the environment?
What is the primary function of proprioceptors in the context of movement?
What is the primary function of proprioceptors in the context of movement?
What is an example of a system that contributes to maintaining postural control?
What is an example of a system that contributes to maintaining postural control?
Which type of stability refers to the integrity of joints?
Which type of stability refers to the integrity of joints?
What defines a position that is resistant to disturbance?
What defines a position that is resistant to disturbance?
How do sensory and reflex systems contribute to postural sway?
How do sensory and reflex systems contribute to postural sway?
When does blocked practice outperform random practice?
When does blocked practice outperform random practice?
Which attentional focus type is Ben using while concentrating on the shuttlecock?
Which attentional focus type is Ben using while concentrating on the shuttlecock?
What type of practice is exemplified by a stroke patient re-learning how to brush their teeth?
What type of practice is exemplified by a stroke patient re-learning how to brush their teeth?
Which scenario represents an unstable position?
Which scenario represents an unstable position?
What is the best approach for rapid learning of a new skill?
What is the best approach for rapid learning of a new skill?
Which factor is NOT a component of postural control?
Which factor is NOT a component of postural control?
Match the following sensory receptors with their primary functions:
Match the following sensory receptors with their primary functions:
Match the following types of vision with their characteristics:
Match the following types of vision with their characteristics:
Match the following visual systems with their functions:
Match the following visual systems with their functions:
Match the following sensory concepts with their explanations:
Match the following sensory concepts with their explanations:
Match the following types of reflex actions with their triggers:
Match the following types of reflex actions with their triggers:
Match the following vision types with their descriptions:
Match the following vision types with their descriptions:
Match the following sensory receptors with their locations:
Match the following sensory receptors with their locations:
Match the types of reflex actions with their associated sensory receptors:
Match the types of reflex actions with their associated sensory receptors:
Match the following visual phenomena with their effects:
Match the following visual phenomena with their effects:
Match the type of attentional focus with its description:
Match the type of attentional focus with its description:
Match the types of stability with their characteristics:
Match the types of stability with their characteristics:
Match the forms of practice with their examples:
Match the forms of practice with their examples:
Match the skill retention scenario with its corresponding skill:
Match the skill retention scenario with its corresponding skill:
Match the types of postural control with their function:
Match the types of postural control with their function:
Match the practice methods with their learning outcomes:
Match the practice methods with their learning outcomes:
Match the sensory systems with their roles in postural control:
Match the sensory systems with their roles in postural control:
Match the types of movements with their characteristics:
Match the types of movements with their characteristics:
Match the types of visual processing with their descriptions:
Match the types of visual processing with their descriptions:
Match the postural characteristics with their definitions:
Match the postural characteristics with their definitions:
What type of stability is described as having a firm foundation upon which other body parts can move?
What type of stability is described as having a firm foundation upon which other body parts can move?
During which level of postural control does the body anticipate the need for stability based on prior experiences?
During which level of postural control does the body anticipate the need for stability based on prior experiences?
In the context of practice methods, which form involves the patient actively trying to re-learn daily tasks after an injury?
In the context of practice methods, which form involves the patient actively trying to re-learn daily tasks after an injury?
What is the main purpose of blocked practice during skill acquisition?
What is the main purpose of blocked practice during skill acquisition?
Which attentional focus type is exemplified when a player focuses solely on their own movements during practice?
Which attentional focus type is exemplified when a player focuses solely on their own movements during practice?
What kind of visual processing involves predicting movement and location without requiring much attention?
What kind of visual processing involves predicting movement and location without requiring much attention?
In the context of postural control, what system is primarily responsible for detecting changes in body position?
In the context of postural control, what system is primarily responsible for detecting changes in body position?
Which aspect of stability refers to the ability of the Center of Mass (COM) to remain within a stationary Base of Support (BoS)?
Which aspect of stability refers to the ability of the Center of Mass (COM) to remain within a stationary Base of Support (BoS)?
What type of practice is indicated when skill retention is measured and performed in a random manner?
What type of practice is indicated when skill retention is measured and performed in a random manner?
In experiments comparing mental practice to physical practice, which approach typically results in the fastest learning?
In experiments comparing mental practice to physical practice, which approach typically results in the fastest learning?
Explain the role of muscle spindles in reflex actions.
Explain the role of muscle spindles in reflex actions.
What is the primary role of the Golgi Tendon Organ in the context of movement?
What is the primary role of the Golgi Tendon Organ in the context of movement?
How does the vestibular system contribute to balance during dynamic movements?
How does the vestibular system contribute to balance during dynamic movements?
Discuss the significance of foveal vision in athletic performance.
Discuss the significance of foveal vision in athletic performance.
Identify the primary characteristics of ambient vision and its importance in sports.
Identify the primary characteristics of ambient vision and its importance in sports.
What differentiates focal vision from ambient vision?
What differentiates focal vision from ambient vision?
How do proprioceptors contribute to coordinated movement?
How do proprioceptors contribute to coordinated movement?
Explain the relationship between sensory receptors and reflex actions.
Explain the relationship between sensory receptors and reflex actions.
What is the function of cones in the visual system, and where are they primarily located?
What is the function of cones in the visual system, and where are they primarily located?
How do joint receptors aid in movement and stability?
How do joint receptors aid in movement and stability?
Flashcards
Muscle Spindle
Muscle Spindle
A sensory receptor found in muscles that detect changes in muscle length and rate of length change, helping to control muscle contraction and prevent overstretching.
Golgi Tendon Organ
Golgi Tendon Organ
A sensory receptor located in tendons that detects changes in muscle tension, helping to protect muscles from excessive force and regulate muscle tension.
Joint Receptors
Joint Receptors
Sensory receptors located in joints that provide information about joint position, movement, and force.
Vestibular System
Vestibular System
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Visual System
Visual System
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Fovea
Fovea
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Peripheral Vision
Peripheral Vision
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Focal Vision
Focal Vision
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Ambient Vision
Ambient Vision
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Stretch Reflex
Stretch Reflex
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Stability
Stability
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Internal Narrow Focus
Internal Narrow Focus
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External Broad Focus
External Broad Focus
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Sensory Integration
Sensory Integration
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Postural Control
Postural Control
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Maintaining Stability
Maintaining Stability
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Blocked Practice
Blocked Practice
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Random Practice
Random Practice
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Skill Acquisition
Skill Acquisition
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Skill Retention
Skill Retention
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Golgi Tendon Organ (GTO)
Golgi Tendon Organ (GTO)
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Visual Search
Visual Search
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Optical Flow
Optical Flow
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Study Notes
Motor Learning Final Exam Review - Unit 6-10
- Exam Structure: 44 multiple-choice questions and 8 short-answer questions (21 marks).
Sensory Systems
- Sensory Receptors in Movement: Identify the function and roles of sensory receptors in movements.
- Proprioceptors: Sensory receptors providing information about body position and movement.
- Muscle Spindle: Senses muscle stretch and adds force production to the muscle.
- Golgi Tendon Organ: Senses muscle tension.
- Vestibular System: Provides information about head position and movement.
- Visual System: Processes visual information.
- Foveal Vision: Detailed central vision; cones are densely concentrated here.
- Peripheral Vision: Vision outside the central focus.
- Focal Vision: Focusing on a specific detail.
- Ambient Vision: Overall awareness of the surroundings.
- Reflex Actions: How sensory systems contribute to reflex responses.
Study Questions - Sensory Systems
- Q6: Muscle spindle senses muscle stretch and adds force production. (Correct answer)
- Q7: Cones are most densely concentrated in the fovea. (Correct answer)
- Q8: Rods are primarily responsible for vision in dim light. (Correct answer)
Vision
- Visual Information Processing: Differentiating between different ways we process visual information.
- Visual Search: Identifying areas to focus attention.
- Optical Flow: Processing location and movement information without much attention.
- Feedforward and Feedback Vision: The use of vision for predicting and correcting movements; vision is the best feedforward information.
Sensorimotor Integration
- Sensorimotor Integration Locations: Sensorimotor integration occurs in skin sensory receptors, muscle spindle, and Golgi tendon organ.
- Sensory Integration: How sensory information is integrated.
- Motor Commands: The commands sent to the muscles to perform movements.
Postural Control
- Stability: A position resistant to disturbance or returns to its normal state after disruption.
- Types of Stability: Whole body (balance), segmental, and joint stability.
- Whole Body Stability: Center of mass (COM) within a stationary base of support (BoS).
- Dynamic Stability: COM moves outside of BoS or BoS moves.
- Postural Sway: Natural movement of the body's center of gravity.
- Proprioception and Vision: Roles of proprioception and vision in maintaining stability; vestibular system is also involved.
- Levels of Control: Reflexive, autonomic, and voluntary.
- Proactive vs. Reactive Control: How the body anticipates and responds to disturbances in posture.
- Maintaining Stability: Systems involved: sensory/reflexive, neuromuscular, musculomechanical, and central nervous system (CNS) components.
- Large postural sway indicates dysfunction.
Study Questions - Attention and Practice
- Q16: External Narrow attentional focus is focused intently on the birdie. (Correct answer)
- Q17: The graph likely represents retention of a simple skill like putting or opening a door. (Correct answer)
- Q18: A stroke patient relearning how to brush teeth is a type of practice. (Correct answer)
- Q19: Blocked practice outperforms random practice when retention is tested in a blocked manner. (Correct answer)
- Q20: Mental practice + physical practice leads to fastest learning. (Correct answer)
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