Motor Learning Final Exam Review

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Questions and Answers

Which sensory receptor is primarily responsible for sensing muscle stretch and contributing to force production?

Joint receptors

Golgi Tendon Organ

Muscle spindle (correct)

Vestibular receptors

Where are cones most densely concentrated on the retina, enhancing visual acuity?

Peripheral retina

Fovea (correct)

Entire retina equally

Optic disc

What type of vision is primarily associated with detecting movement and peripheral objects?

Ambient vision (correct)

Focal vision

Visual acuity vision

Foveal vision

Which sensory system plays a key role in maintaining balance and spatial orientation?

Vestibular system Signup and view all the answers

What role does the Golgi Tendon Organ primarily serve in muscle function?

Monitors muscle tension Signup and view all the answers

Which vision type is responsible for detailed object recognition in bright light conditions?

Focal vision Signup and view all the answers

In which part of the retina are rods predominantly located, making them essential for dim light vision?

Peripheral retina Signup and view all the answers

Which sensory receptors are involved in sensing changes in joint position and movement?

Joint receptors Signup and view all the answers

Which system in the body integrates sensory information to form a complete perception of the environment?

Nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of proprioceptors in the context of movement?

Monitor internal body states Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a system that contributes to maintaining postural control?

Neuromuscular system Signup and view all the answers

Which type of stability refers to the integrity of joints?

Joint stability Signup and view all the answers

What defines a position that is resistant to disturbance?

Stability Signup and view all the answers

How do sensory and reflex systems contribute to postural sway?

They help modify posture during movement. Signup and view all the answers

When does blocked practice outperform random practice?

During skill acquisition phases Signup and view all the answers

Which attentional focus type is Ben using while concentrating on the shuttlecock?

External narrow focus Signup and view all the answers

What type of practice is exemplified by a stroke patient re-learning how to brush their teeth?

Physical practice Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario represents an unstable position?

Balancing on one leg with eyes closed Signup and view all the answers

What is the best approach for rapid learning of a new skill?

Mental practice combined with physical practice Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT a component of postural control?

Excretory systems Signup and view all the answers

Match the following sensory receptors with their primary functions:

Proprioceptors = Sense body position and movement Muscle spindle = Detect changes in muscle length Golgi Tendon Organ = Monitor tension in muscles Vestibular system = Maintain balance and spatial orientation Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of vision with their characteristics:

Foveal Vision = High acuity and color detection Peripheral Vision = Detects motion and broad areas Focal Vision = Involves detailed object recognition Ambient Vision = Provides context and spatial awareness Signup and view all the answers

Match the following visual systems with their functions:

Visual system = Processes visual information Focal vision = Sharp vision for recognizing objects Ambient vision = Perception of surroundings and movement Peripheral vision = Detecting objects outside direct focus Signup and view all the answers

Match the following sensory concepts with their explanations:

Proprioception = Awareness of body position and movement Muscle spindle = Senses muscle stretch and position Golgi Tendon Organ = Senses tension in a muscle Vestibular system = Monitors balance and head position Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of reflex actions with their triggers:

Stretch reflex = Triggered by muscle elongation Withdrawal reflex = Triggered by painful stimuli Crossed extensor reflex = Triggered by limb movement Postural reflex = Triggered by changes in body position Signup and view all the answers

Match the following vision types with their descriptions:

Focal vision = Detailed and clear vision for objects Ambient vision = Awareness of the environment and movement Foveal vision = Concentrated vision in the central retina Peripheral vision = Vision to detect motion in the periphery Signup and view all the answers

Match the following sensory receptors with their locations:

Muscle spindle = Located within muscles Golgi Tendon Organ = Located at muscle-tendon junctions Proprioceptors = Scattered throughout muscles and joints Vestibular receptors = Located in the inner ear Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of reflex actions with their associated sensory receptors:

Muscle spindle reflex = Involves muscle spindle receptors Golgi tendon reflex = Involves Golgi tendon organs Joint reflex = Involves joint receptor signals Vestibular reflex = Involves vestibular system inputs Signup and view all the answers

Match the following visual phenomena with their effects:

Foveal vision = Enhanced detail and clarity Peripheral vision = Increased awareness of motion Focal vision = Object recognition under bright light Ambient vision = Situational awareness of surroundings Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of attentional focus with its description:

Internal Broad = Focusing on internal thoughts and feelings Internal Narrow = Concentrating on a specific internal cue External Broad = Receiving information from the environment as a whole External Narrow = Focusing on a specific external object or event Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of stability with their characteristics:

Whole body stability = Balance involving center of mass and base of support Segmental stability = Foundation allowing other body parts to move Joint stability = Maintaining structural integrity at a joint Dynamic stability = Center of mass moves outside of the base of support Signup and view all the answers

Match the forms of practice with their examples:

Physical practice = A basketball team running sprints Mental practice = Visualizing performing a golf swing Combination practice = Mental practice + physical practice No practice = Absence of structured training efforts Signup and view all the answers

Match the skill retention scenario with its corresponding skill:

Baseball pitching = Skill requiring precision and timing over time Jumping rope = Skill that improves with repetition and rhythm Putting on a t-shirt = Simple skill with less cognitive load Opening a door = Common everyday task requiring minimal practice Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of postural control with their function:

Reflexive control = Automatic responses to sensory inputs Autonomic control = Flexible adjustments based on environmental changes Voluntary control = Conscious control and decision-making Proactive control = Anticipating and preparing for potential disturbances Signup and view all the answers

Match the practice methods with their learning outcomes:

Blocked practice = Outperforms random practice during skill acquisition Random practice = Fosters adaptability and retention in varying contexts Massed practice = Enhances immediate performance but risks burnout Distributed practice = Improves long-term retention through spaced sessions Signup and view all the answers

Match the sensory systems with their roles in postural control:

Proprioception = Awareness of body position and movement Vision = Providing feedback on environmental cues Vestibular system = Maintaining balance and spatial orientation Sensory integration = Combining inputs to create cohesive movement perceptions Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of movements with their characteristics:

Static movement = Center of mass within a stationary base of support Dynamic movement = Involves motion where the base of support shifts Ballistic movement = Fast, pre-planned actions requiring coordination Cyclic movement = Repetitive, rhythmic actions needing endurance Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of visual processing with their descriptions:

Optical flow = Processing movement and direction in the environment Visual search = Identifying areas requiring focus and attention Feedforward vision = Using visual cues to plan movements in advance Feedback vision = Using visual information to correct movements during execution Signup and view all the answers

Match the postural characteristics with their definitions:

Stability = Position resistant to disturbance Postural sway = Movement indicative of balance control Center of mass = Point around which weight is distributed Base of support = Area beneath the body providing stability Signup and view all the answers

What type of stability is described as having a firm foundation upon which other body parts can move?

Segmental stability Signup and view all the answers

During which level of postural control does the body anticipate the need for stability based on prior experiences?

Proactive postural control Signup and view all the answers

In the context of practice methods, which form involves the patient actively trying to re-learn daily tasks after an injury?

Rehabilitative practice Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of blocked practice during skill acquisition?

To enhance consistency and performance in skill learning. Signup and view all the answers

Which attentional focus type is exemplified when a player focuses solely on their own movements during practice?

Internal Narrow Signup and view all the answers

What kind of visual processing involves predicting movement and location without requiring much attention?

Optical flow processing Signup and view all the answers

In the context of postural control, what system is primarily responsible for detecting changes in body position?

Proprioception Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of stability refers to the ability of the Center of Mass (COM) to remain within a stationary Base of Support (BoS)?

Static stability Signup and view all the answers

What type of practice is indicated when skill retention is measured and performed in a random manner?

Random practice Signup and view all the answers

In experiments comparing mental practice to physical practice, which approach typically results in the fastest learning?

Mental practice + physical practice Signup and view all the answers

Explain the role of muscle spindles in reflex actions.

Muscle spindles detect changes in muscle length and provide feedback to the central nervous system, facilitating muscle contractions as part of reflex actions. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the Golgi Tendon Organ in the context of movement?

The Golgi Tendon Organ monitors muscle tension and inhibits excessive force production to prevent injury. Signup and view all the answers

How does the vestibular system contribute to balance during dynamic movements?

The vestibular system detects changes in head position and motion, providing essential information for balance and spatial orientation. Signup and view all the answers

Discuss the significance of foveal vision in athletic performance.

Foveal vision allows for high-acuity visual processing, which is critical for tasks requiring precise visual detail, such as tracking fast-moving objects. Signup and view all the answers

Identify the primary characteristics of ambient vision and its importance in sports.

Ambient vision provides a broad awareness of the environment, allowing athletes to detect movement and spatial relationships without focusing on details. Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates focal vision from ambient vision?

Focal vision is characterized by detailed object recognition, while ambient vision allows for spatial awareness and motion detection. Signup and view all the answers

How do proprioceptors contribute to coordinated movement?

Proprioceptors provide continuous feedback about body position and movement, which is essential for coordinating muscle actions. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the relationship between sensory receptors and reflex actions.

Sensory receptors gather information about changes in the environment and relay it to the nervous system, triggering reflex actions in response. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cones in the visual system, and where are they primarily located?

Cones are photoreceptors responsible for color vision and detailed sight, mainly concentrated in the fovea. Signup and view all the answers

How do joint receptors aid in movement and stability?

Joint receptors detect changes in joint position and movement, sending signals that help the body maintain stability and coordination during activities. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes