Motor Learning and Transfer of Learning Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a key component of Schmidt's 'schema theory' of motor learning?

The role of perceptions in motor learning

Contextual interference in practice

Sensory consequences of movement (correct)

Transfer of learning between similar tasks

Which of the following is identified in the text as a benefit of using 'variable practice' in motor learning?

Increased spontaneous use of skills for new tasks

Improved transfer of learning between similar tasks

Better generalization of learned skills (correct)

All of the above

According to Newell's Ecological Theory, which of the following is a key factor in motor learning?

Contextual interference in the practice environment

Cognitive abilities of the learner

Feedback on goal achievement (knowledge of results)

Regulatory cues that sensitize the learner to relevant task features (correct)

Which type of learning transfer is described in the text as occurring 'more easily when tasks are similar'?

Near transfer Signup and view all the answers

The text discusses how individual characteristics, such as level of experience and intellectual ability, can influence what aspect of motor learning?

The rate of learning new motor skills Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key component of Newell's Ecological Theory of motor learning?

Both a and c Signup and view all the answers

What does the principle of neural plasticity refer to?

The ability of the nervous system to modify neural connections to perform more efficiently Signup and view all the answers

In motor learning, what type of memory is needed for learning new movements?

Short-term memory (working memory) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT considered in a systems approach according to the text?

Neurological history of the client Signup and view all the answers

What does the systems approach in occupational therapy include?

Consideration of sensorimotor, psychosocial, cognitive, and performance contexts Signup and view all the answers

Which type of learning naturally occurs during task performance?

Motor learning Signup and view all the answers

What types of contexts are included within systems in occupational therapy?

Sensorimotor, psychosocial, cognitive, and performance contexts Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the systems approach in occupational therapy?

Identifying the client's desired roles and level of functioning Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of forced recovery in occupational therapy?

A client improving function through therapeutic interventions Signup and view all the answers

According to the postulates of change in pediatrics, which of the following is most likely to improve motor skill development?

Encouraging the child to solve problems independently Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key factor in promoting sensorimotor learning according to the postulates of change?

Ensuring a match between the child's abilities, the task, and the context Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an essential aspect of promoting psychosocial learning in occupational therapy?

Providing clear expectations and guidance for the client Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Systems Approach in Occupational Therapy

Involves considering the best combination of remediation, adaptation, and compensation to promote client-identified level of functioning and fulfill desired roles.

Change and Recovery

Change occurs through a learning process.
Recovery can be: • Spontaneous, without intervention. • Forced recovery, through therapeutic intervention. • Adapted or functional recovery, achieved through altering methods or contexts.

Postulates of Change in Pediatrics

Motor skills are more likely to improve when: • There is a match between the child's ability, task, and context. • The child understands expectations and receives clear guidance. • Independent problem-solving is encouraged. • There is a "just right" challenge (zone of proximal development).

Learning and Motor Skills

Variable practice, using motor/perceptual skills under varying conditions, is effective for generalization of learning.
Contextual interference, using motor perceptual skills in random order, increases spontaneous use for new tasks.
Individual characteristics, such as level of experience and intellectual ability, influence motor learning.
Transfer of learning occurs more easily when tasks are similar.

Schema Theory and Motor Learning

Schmidt's schema theory uses sets of general rules that apply in a variety of contexts.
A schema consists of four parts: • Initial situation • Parameters used • Outcome (knowledge of result) • Sensory consequence (how movement feels)

Newell's Ecological Theory

Clarifies the role of perceptions in motor learning.
Involves recognition of: • Goal or task • Regulatory cues (sensitizing to what is relevant to the task) • Knowledge of performance (KP): Feedback during performance • Knowledge of result (KR): Feedback on goal achievement

Assumptions of Motor Learning

Based on the principle of neural plasticity, the ability of the nervous system to modify neural connections to perform more efficiently.
Involves short-term (working memory) and long-term (save/retrieve) memory for learning new movements and lasting change.

Systems Theory in Occupational Therapy

Includes consideration of: • Client factors (e.g., health condition, dysfunction or damage, age, gender, etc.) • Occupations: Meaningful or preferred tasks • Environment: All relevant contexts
Systems include sensorimotor, psychosocial, cognitive, and performance contexts.

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Description

Test your knowledge on motor learning, transfer of learning, and factors influencing learning such as variable practice and contextual interference. Explore concepts related to group dynamics in occupational therapy.