22 Questions
What is the primary focus of Motivational Theories in addressing employee issues?
To identify and address discrepancies between employee needs, values, and wants
According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, what is the highest level of need?
Transcendental Needs
What is the primary purpose of providing feedback on goal progress?
To improve employee motivation and performance
What is the concept of skipping levels in the ERG Theory?
Employees can move directly from Existence to Growth needs
What is the primary concept of Self-Regulation Theory?
Employees monitor their own progress and manage their impulses
What is the underlying theory behind the use of rewards for achieving goals?
Operant Conditioning
What is the key principle in timing of incentive or punishment?
Reinforcement or punishment is most effective if it occurs soon after the behavior
What is the purpose of contingency of consequences?
To understand the reason for rewards and punishments
What is the Premack Principle?
Reinforcement is relative
What is the purpose of individual-based incentives?
To provide pay for performance
What is the purpose of equity theory?
To ensure employees' input/output ratio is similar to that of other employees
What affects the motivation of colleagues?
Co-workers' motivation and veteran employee's opinion
What is the purpose of punishment in organizational development?
To show alternative ways of behaving that will result in desired reinforcement
What is the significance of substitution of reward programs with punishment programs?
It is always viable
What is the primary purpose of the initial rapport during a performance appraisal interview?
To establish a positive and comfortable tone for the conversation
What is the fundamental attribution error in the context of performance appraisal?
Blaming the employee's performance on internal factors rather than external circumstances
What is the primary focus of the job characteristics theory?
The impact of job design on employee motivation
What is the Galatea Effect in the context of self-esteem?
The expectation of success based on one's own abilities
What is the primary difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation?
Intrinsic motivation is based on internal rewards, while extrinsic motivation is based on external rewards
What is the primary focus of the need for achievement in the context of employee motivation?
The desire to overcome challenges and accomplish goals
What is the primary purpose of self-esteem workshops in the context of employee motivation?
To provide employees with opportunities to experience success and build confidence
What is the primary focus of the consistency theory in the context of self-esteem?
The consistency between self-esteem and behavior
Study Notes
Job Characteristics Theory
- Employees desire meaningful jobs, opportunities to be responsible for the results of their work, and feedback on the outcomes of their efforts.
- Discrepancy between an employee's needs, values, and wants can lead to demotivation.
Motivational Theories
- Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: Basic Biological Needs, Safety Needs, Social Needs, Ego Needs, Self-Actualization Needs, and Transcendental Needs.
- ERG Theory: Three levels of satisfaction (Existence, Relatedness, and Growth), can skip levels.
- Two-Factor Theory: Hygiene Factors (Necessities) and Motivators.
Self-Determination Theory
- Emphasizes the relevance of intrinsic motivation for persistence and task enjoyment.
Employee Goals
- Achievable Goals (SMART goals).
- Feedback on their goal progress increases effectiveness of goal-setting (verbally, charts, non-verbal communication).
- Rewards for achieving goals (providing incentives to employees).
Self-Regulation Theory
- Employees monitor their own progress.
- Management of impulses.
Rewards and Punishment
- Operant Conditioning: Timing of the incentive, Contingency of Consequences, Type of Incentive Used, and Individual Vs Group Incentives.
- Rewards Vs. Communicating Appraisal Results.
Factors Affecting Employee Motivation
- Employee Predisposition (Self-Esteem, Intrinsic Motivation, Needs for Achievement and Power).
- Meeting of Employee Values and Expectations (Job Expectations, Job Characteristics, Needs Values and Wants).
- Employee's Goals (Achievable Goals, Feedback, and Rewards).
- Equal distribution of rewards and resources (Equity Theory).
- Motivation of Colleagues (healthy working environment).
Employee Predisposition
- Self-Esteem: Consistency Theory (Chronic Self Esteem, Situational Self Esteem, Socially Influenced Self-Esteem), Addressing Self Esteem Issues (Self-Esteem Workshops, Experience with Success).
- Intrinsic Motivation: internal rewards, Extrinsic Motivation: external rewards.
Needs for Achievement and Power
- Need for Achievement: motivation is based on accomplishments and overcoming challenges.
- Need for Affiliation: motivation is based on a person's need to be connected with people.
- Need for Power: motivation is based on the wanting to influence others or outcomes.
This quiz covers various motivational theories, including Hackman and Oldham's Job Characteristics Theory, Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, and ERG Theory, to understand employee needs and wants in the workplace.
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