Motivation in Psychology

Motivation

• Definition: The psychological forces that drive individuals to achieve specific goals and pursue certain courses of action.
• Theories:
  • Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: Physiological, Safety, Love and Belonging, Esteem, Self-actualization
  • Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory: Hygiene factors (extrinsic) vs. Motivator factors (intrinsic)
  • Self-Determination Theory: Autonomy, Competence, Relatedness
• Motivational Drivers:
  • Intrinsic: Interest, enjoyment, personal satisfaction
  • Extrinsic: Rewards, recognition, social pressure
• Job Characteristics Model: Five core job dimensions that influence motivation:
  1. Skill Variety: Task diversity and complexity
  2. Task Identity: Sense of accomplishment and task ownership
  3. Task Significance: Impact of task on others
  4. Autonomy: Freedom and independence in work
  5. Feedback: Regular and constructive performance feedback

Engagement

• Definition: The emotional, cognitive, and behavioral state of being fully involved and committed to one's work.
• Dimensions:
  • Vigor: Energy, resilience, and mental well-being
  • Dedication: Involvement, enthusiasm, and sense of purpose
  • Absorption: Focus, concentration, and immersion in work
• Drivers of Engagement:
  • Job Design: Challenging work, autonomy, and opportunities for growth
  • Leadership: Supportive management, feedback, and recognition
  • Work-Life Balance: Harmonious integration of work and personal life
  • Organizational Culture: Positive work environment, values, and norms
• Consequences of Engagement:
  • Job Performance: Improved productivity, quality, and efficiency
  • Job Satisfaction: Increased happiness, commitment, and retention
  • Organizational Citizenship: Prosocial behavior, teamwork, and extra-role behavior

Motivation

• Motivation is the psychological force that drives individuals to achieve specific goals and pursue certain courses of action.
• Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs consists of five levels: Physiological, Safety, Love and Belonging, Esteem, and Self-actualization.
• Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory distinguishes between Hygiene factors (extrinsic) and Motivator factors (intrinsic).
• Self-Determination Theory is based on three innate psychological needs: Autonomy, Competence, and Relatedness.
• Motivational drivers can be either Intrinsic (interest, enjoyment, personal satisfaction) or Extrinsic (rewards, recognition, social pressure).
• The Job Characteristics Model identifies five core job dimensions that influence motivation: Skill Variety, Task Identity, Task Significance, Autonomy, and Feedback.

Engagement

• Engagement is the emotional, cognitive, and behavioral state of being fully involved and committed to one's work.
• The three dimensions of engagement are Vigor (energy, resilience, and mental well-being), Dedication (involvement, enthusiasm, and sense of purpose), and Absorption (focus, concentration, and immersion in work).
• Drivers of engagement include Job Design (challenging work, autonomy, and opportunities for growth), Leadership (supportive management, feedback, and recognition), Work-Life Balance (harmonious integration of work and personal life), and Organizational Culture (positive work environment, values, and norms).
• Consequences of engagement include improved Job Performance (productivity, quality, and efficiency), Job Satisfaction (happiness, commitment, and retention), and Organizational Citizenship (prosocial behavior, teamwork, and extra-role behavior).

Explore the psychological forces that drive individuals to achieve specific goals, including Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, and Self-Determination Theory.