Motivation: Cycle, Types, Biological & Psychosocial
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of the 'motivation cycle'?

  • A student consistently studies hard to achieve good grades, even when they find the material uninteresting.
  • A person driven by curiosity, explores different career paths, and remains indecisive.
  • An athlete experiences intense thirst during a marathon, drinks water to rehydrate, and then resumes running.
  • An individual feeling lonely joins a social club to make new friends and alleviate their sense of isolation. (correct)

How do biological and psychosocial motives interact to influence behavior?

  • Biological and psychosocial motives are independent and do not influence each other.
  • Psychosocial motives completely override biological motives as individuals develop more complex cognitive abilities.
  • Biological motives always take precedence over psychosocial motives due to their innate nature.
  • Biological and psychosocial motives are interdependent and can combine to influence behavior in varying degrees. (correct)

Which of the following actions exemplifies a primarily biological motive?

  • Enrolling in a public speaking course to gain confidence in presentations.
  • Joining a hiking club with the goal of making new friends.
  • Drinking a glass of water after finishing a workout. (correct)
  • Volunteering time at a local homeless shelter.

Which of the following scenarios exemplifies a psychosocial motive?

<p>Applying for a promotion at work to gain more power and influence. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key distinction between a need and a drive in the context of motivation?

<p>A need is a lack or deficit; a drive is the aroused state that motivates behavior to satisfy the need. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, what is the role of the hypothalamus is regulating hunger?

<p>The hypothalamus houses a feeding-satiety system that regulates food intake. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of motivation, what is the function of an 'impetus' related to instinctual behavior?

<p>It drives an organism to perform essential, biologically determined actions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the role of external factors in the experience of hunger?

<p>External factors such as taste and smell act in combination with internal signals to influence hunger. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does a dry mouth not automatically lead to drinking behaviour?

<p>Internal processes must indicate a need for hydration in body tissues to remove the dryness of the mouth and throat. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are instincts different from other types of motivations?

<p>Instincts are biologically determined patterns of behavior, while other motivations can be influenced by learning and environment. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Motivation Cycle

The cycle where a drive arises from a need, leading to goal-directed behavior and achievement, reducing the drive and reestablishing balance.

Biological Motives

Innate needs like hunger, thirst, and sex, influenced by hormones and brain structures.

Psychosocial Motives

Motives influenced by psychological, social, and environmental factors, like achievement, affiliation, and curiosity.

Instinct

Inborn patterns of behavior that are biologically determined rather than learned.

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Hunger Motive

The need for food, driven by stimuli like stomach contractions and low glucose levels.

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Thirst Motive

The feeling of needing to drink, resulting from water loss in body tissues.

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Motive

Internal condition that orients an individual toward a specific goal

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Drive

Internal psychological tension that drives an organism to reduce the tension.

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Motive Interdependence

Biological and psychosocial are interdependent on each other. Biological and psycho-social motives work together to guide behaviour.

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Balanced State

Returning to a balanced state after drive reduction.

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Study Notes

  • When random activities lead to a goal, it reduces the drive and the organism stops being active, after which it returns to a balanced state
  • The figure shows the cycle of motivational events

The Motivational Cycle

  • Need leads to Drive, which leads to Arousal, which leads to Goal-directed behaviour, which leads to Achievement, and then Reduction of arousal

Types of Motives

  • There are two types of motives: biological and psychosocial, which are interdependent on each other.
  • Biological factors may cause a motive in some situations.
  • Psychosocial factors may cause the motive in other situations
  • No motive is absolutely biological or psychosocial, but they occur in combinations.

Biological Motives

  • These focus on innate, biological causes of motivation of motivation like hormones, neurotransmitters, brain structures (hypothalamus, limbic system, etc).
  • Examples include hunger, thirst, and sex motives.

Psychosocial Motives

  • Focus on psychological and social (as well as environmental) factors and how they interact to produce motivation.
  • Examples include need for achievement, affiliation, power, curiosity and exploration, and self-actualization motives.
  • Biological motives are also known as physiological motives, and are mostly guided by the body's physiological mechanisms
  • Psychosocial motives are as learned from individual interactions with environmental factors

Instinct

  • Adaptive act holds that organisms have internal physiological needs that trigger a drive.

  • The drive motivates behavior towards achieving goals, which reduces the drive.

  • Instinct refers to inborn patterns of behavior that are biologically determined rather than learned, and are innate tendencies found in all members of a species

  • Curiosity, flight, repulsion, reproduction, and parental care are some common human instincts

  • Instincts direct behavior in predictable ways.

  • Instinct has an 'impetus' that compels an organism to do something to reduce it.

  • Biological needs explained using this approach are hunger, thirst, and sex, which are essential for existence.

Hunger

  • The need for food motivates people to obtain and consume it
  • Stimuli include stomach contractions, indicating an empty stomach
  • hunger results from a low concentration of glucose in the blood, a low level of protein, and the amount of fats stored in the body
  • The liver also responds to the lack of bodily fuel by sending signals through nerve impulses to the brain
  • Aroma, taste, or appearance of food may result in a desire to eat
  • Food intake is regulated by a complex feeding-satiety system in the hypothalamus, liver, and other parts of the body, alongside external cues.

Thirst

  • Not drinking water for several hours leads to mouth and throat dryness, leading to dehydration of body tissues
  • Drinking water is necessary and a dry mouth does not always lead to drinking behavior
  • The processes inside the body control thirst and drinking water, Water must get into tissues to remove mouth and throat dryness.

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Description

Explore the motivational cycle, from need to drive, arousal, and goal-directed behavior, culminating in achievement and reduced arousal. Learn about biological and psychosocial motives, understanding how they interdependently influence behavior. Discover the innate biological factors and psychological influences on motivation.

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