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Questions and Answers
Which type of motion sensor uses emitted infrared radiation to detect movement?
Which type of motion sensor uses emitted infrared radiation to detect movement?
- Microwave sensor
- Accelerometer
- Ultrasonic sensor
- PIR sensor (correct)
PIR sensors radiate energy for detection purposes.
PIR sensors radiate energy for detection purposes.
False (B)
What is the primary function of the time delay adjust potentiometer on a PIR sensor?
What is the primary function of the time delay adjust potentiometer on a PIR sensor?
It controls the duration for which the output signal remains HIGH after motion detection.
The output signal of a PIR sensor goes ________ when motion is detected.
The output signal of a PIR sensor goes ________ when motion is detected.
Match the following motion sensor types with their method of detection:
Match the following motion sensor types with their method of detection:
What does the sensitivity adjust potentiometer on a PIR sensor control?
What does the sensitivity adjust potentiometer on a PIR sensor control?
Rotating the time delay potentiometer counterclockwise increases the time delay.
Rotating the time delay potentiometer counterclockwise increases the time delay.
What are two common applications of motion sensors?
What are two common applications of motion sensors?
The term 'passive' in PIR sensor refers to the fact that they do not _________ energy for detection.
The term 'passive' in PIR sensor refers to the fact that they do not _________ energy for detection.
Which of the following is NOT a component of a PIR sensor?
Which of the following is NOT a component of a PIR sensor?
What are the two trigger modes supported by the PIR sensor?
What are the two trigger modes supported by the PIR sensor?
In Single Trigger Mode, the sensor's output will retrigger if motion continues after the initial trigger.
In Single Trigger Mode, the sensor's output will retrigger if motion continues after the initial trigger.
What is a suitable use case for the Single Trigger Mode?
What is a suitable use case for the Single Trigger Mode?
In Repeatable Trigger Mode, the output is retriggered __________ as long as motion is detected.
In Repeatable Trigger Mode, the output is retriggered __________ as long as motion is detected.
Which of the following is a practical application of the PIR sensor mentioned in the content?
Which of the following is a practical application of the PIR sensor mentioned in the content?
In the provided code for the motion-activated light, PIR_PIN is set to pin 13.
In the provided code for the motion-activated light, PIR_PIN is set to pin 13.
What does the Serial.begin(9600) command do in the provided code?
What does the Serial.begin(9600) command do in the provided code?
In the motion-activated light code, when motion is detected, the LED connected to pin LED_PIN is set to __________
In the motion-activated light code, when motion is detected, the LED connected to pin LED_PIN is set to __________
Match the trigger mode with its description:
Match the trigger mode with its description:
What additional component is added in the second practical application- the security alarm?
What additional component is added in the second practical application- the security alarm?
Flashcards
What are motion sensors?
What are motion sensors?
Devices that detect movement in a space by sensing changes in infrared radiation, sound waves, acceleration, or microwave patterns.
What is a PIR sensor?
What is a PIR sensor?
A commonly used motion sensor type that detects changes in infrared radiation emitted by objects. It works by sensing heat.
What is the Time Delay Adjust on a PIR sensor?
What is the Time Delay Adjust on a PIR sensor?
A potentiometer on a PIR sensor that adjusts the amount of time the sensor stays active after detecting motion.
How do you adjust the Time Delay Adjust on a PIR sensor?
How do you adjust the Time Delay Adjust on a PIR sensor?
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What is the Sensitivity Adjust on a PIR sensor?
What is the Sensitivity Adjust on a PIR sensor?
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How do you adjust the Sensitivity Adjust on a PIR sensor?
How do you adjust the Sensitivity Adjust on a PIR sensor?
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What does a PIR sensor's OUT pin do when it detects motion?
What does a PIR sensor's OUT pin do when it detects motion?
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What does a PIR sensor's OUT pin do when it doesn't detect motion?
What does a PIR sensor's OUT pin do when it doesn't detect motion?
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What is a Pyroelectric Sensor?
What is a Pyroelectric Sensor?
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What is a Fresnel Lens?
What is a Fresnel Lens?
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Single Trigger Mode
Single Trigger Mode
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Repeatable Trigger Mode
Repeatable Trigger Mode
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PIR Sensor
PIR Sensor
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PIR_PIN
PIR_PIN
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LED_PIN
LED_PIN
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pinMode()
pinMode()
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digitalRead()
digitalRead()
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digitalWrite(LED_PIN, HIGH)
digitalWrite(LED_PIN, HIGH)
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digitalWrite(LED_PIN, LOW)
digitalWrite(LED_PIN, LOW)
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delay()
delay()
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Study Notes
Motion Sensors with Arduino
- Motion sensors detect physical movement in an environment
- Common applications include security systems, smart lighting, robotics, and automation
- Various types of motion sensors exist
Types of Motion Sensors
- Passive Infrared (PIR) Sensors: Detect motion based on infrared radiation emitted by objects
- Do not identify the object which moved, only the general movement
- Function by detecting infrared radiation changes, not emitting it themselves
- The term "passive" means the sensor itself does not generate the energy detected
- Ultrasonic Sensors: Measure distance & detect motion using ultrasonic sound waves
- Accelerometers: Detect changes in acceleration or orientation
- Microwave Sensors: Use microwave pulses to detect motion
Passive Infrared (PIR) Sensors - Components and Operation
- Structure: Contains pyroelectric sensor, Fresnel lens, and a control circuit
- Working Principle: Detects changes in infrared radiation levels
- All objects emit infrared radiation
- The sensor identifies changes in these radiation patterns to detect motion. Specifically, it detects sudden changes
- Output Signal: When motion is detected, the sensor's output pin goes HIGH. Otherwise, it remains LOW
- PINs:
- VCC: Power supply (typically 5V)
- OUT: Output, goes HIGH in motion, remains LOW when no motion
- GND: Ground
Setting Up the PIR Sensor
- Time Delay Adjust: Controls the duration the output signal stays HIGH after motion is detected.
- Increasing the delay uses clockwise rotation of the potentiometer.
- Decreasing the delay uses counter-clockwise rotation.
- Sensitivity Adjust: Controls the detection range or sensitivity of the sensor’s motion detection
- Increasing sensitivity, uses clockwise rotation
- Decreasing Sensitivity, uses counter-clockwise rotation
- Trigger Modes:
- Single Trigger Mode: Output is triggered once per detected motion, won't retrigger even if the motion continues until manually reset
- Repeatable Trigger Mode: Output is retriggered continuously as long as motion is detected
Practical Applications
- Application 1: Motion-Activated Light: Turns the LED light on when motion is detected
- Application 2: Security Alarm: Activates a buzzer & sends a message to a serial monitor when motion is detected
Code Examples
- Code examples for controlling LEDs and buzzers based on motion detection using PIR sensor with Arduino
- Arduino code snippet showing the use of
digitalReadanddigitalWritefunctions
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