L10 Morphology of chromosomes and Karyotyping

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Questions and Answers

What becomes visible during cell division?

  • Ribosomes
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum
  • Mitochondria
  • Chromosomes (correct)

What is constant for all members of a species?

  • Number of chromosomes (correct)
  • DNA content
  • Cell size
  • Cytoplasm distribution

Why are chromosomes not visible in an active nucleus?

  • Due to nuclear membrane thickness
  • Due to high-water content (correct)
  • Due to low-water content
  • Due to presence of ribosomes

During which stage of cell division are chromosomes smallest?

<p>Anaphase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When are chromosomes easily observed, very thick, quite short and well spread in the cell?

<p>Metaphase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of heredity carried by chromosomes?

<p>Gene (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage has the longest and thinnest chromosomes?

<p>Interphase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of human chromosomes contains the largest metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes?

<p>Group A (1-3) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinguishing feature of the Y chromosome?

<p>It does not have satellites (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of heterochromatin remains permanently in the heterochromatic state?

<p>Constitutive heterochromatin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes in human chromosomes?

<p>Secondary constriction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of human chromosomes contains medium-sized acrocentric chromosomes with satellites?

<p>Group D (13-15) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe the light-stained regions of chromosomes after chemical treatment?

<p>Euchromatin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of human chromosomes contains the smallest metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes?

<p>Group F (19-20) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a metacentric chromosome?

<p>The centromere is located near the middle of the chromosome, with both arms being approximately equal in length. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the short arm of a chromosome?

<p>p arm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of chromosome has a secondary constriction and a chromosomal satellite?

<p>Acrocentric chromosome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of organizing chromosomes into a karyotype?

<p>To analyze the structure and arrangement of chromosomes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following stains is commonly used to produce banding patterns on chromosomes?

<p>Giemsa (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of chromosome has one arm significantly longer than the other?

<p>Submetacentric chromosome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the long arm of a chromosome?

<p>q arm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of centromeres in eukaryotic chromosomes?

<p>To segregate the chromatids during meiosis and mitosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of telomeres in eukaryotic chromosomes?

<p>To provide terminal stability to the chromosome and ensure its survival (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a karyotype?

<p>The arrangement of chromosome pairs in order of decreasing length (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of G-banding in karyotyping?

<p>To help identify each chromosome by the pattern of alternating light and dark bands (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between euchromatin and heterochromatin based on the G-banding pattern?

<p>Euchromatin contains more active genes, while heterochromatin contains fewer active genes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the diagrammatic representation of the karyotype, showing all the morphological features of the chromosomes?

<p>Idiotype (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the normal male and normal female karyotype with G-banding?

<p>The presence of the X and Y chromosomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the cell cycle do the light bands (euchromatin) replicate in?

<p>Early S phase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of karyotyping in cytogenetics?

<p>To help identify chromosomal abnormalities and genetic disorders (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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