L10 Morphology of chromosomes and Karyotyping
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Questions and Answers

What becomes visible during cell division?

  • Ribosomes
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum
  • Mitochondria
  • Chromosomes (correct)
  • What is constant for all members of a species?

  • Number of chromosomes (correct)
  • DNA content
  • Cell size
  • Cytoplasm distribution
  • Why are chromosomes not visible in an active nucleus?

  • Due to nuclear membrane thickness
  • Due to high-water content (correct)
  • Due to low-water content
  • Due to presence of ribosomes
  • During which stage of cell division are chromosomes smallest?

    <p>Anaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When are chromosomes easily observed, very thick, quite short and well spread in the cell?

    <p>Metaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of heredity carried by chromosomes?

    <p>Gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage has the longest and thinnest chromosomes?

    <p>Interphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of human chromosomes contains the largest metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes?

    <p>Group A (1-3)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinguishing feature of the Y chromosome?

    <p>It does not have satellites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of heterochromatin remains permanently in the heterochromatic state?

    <p>Constitutive heterochromatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes in human chromosomes?

    <p>Secondary constriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of human chromosomes contains medium-sized acrocentric chromosomes with satellites?

    <p>Group D (13-15)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe the light-stained regions of chromosomes after chemical treatment?

    <p>Euchromatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of human chromosomes contains the smallest metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes?

    <p>Group F (19-20)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a metacentric chromosome?

    <p>The centromere is located near the middle of the chromosome, with both arms being approximately equal in length.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the short arm of a chromosome?

    <p>p arm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of chromosome has a secondary constriction and a chromosomal satellite?

    <p>Acrocentric chromosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of organizing chromosomes into a karyotype?

    <p>To analyze the structure and arrangement of chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following stains is commonly used to produce banding patterns on chromosomes?

    <p>Giemsa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of chromosome has one arm significantly longer than the other?

    <p>Submetacentric chromosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the long arm of a chromosome?

    <p>q arm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of centromeres in eukaryotic chromosomes?

    <p>To segregate the chromatids during meiosis and mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of telomeres in eukaryotic chromosomes?

    <p>To provide terminal stability to the chromosome and ensure its survival</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a karyotype?

    <p>The arrangement of chromosome pairs in order of decreasing length</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of G-banding in karyotyping?

    <p>To help identify each chromosome by the pattern of alternating light and dark bands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between euchromatin and heterochromatin based on the G-banding pattern?

    <p>Euchromatin contains more active genes, while heterochromatin contains fewer active genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the diagrammatic representation of the karyotype, showing all the morphological features of the chromosomes?

    <p>Idiotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between the normal male and normal female karyotype with G-banding?

    <p>The presence of the X and Y chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the cell cycle do the light bands (euchromatin) replicate in?

    <p>Early S phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of karyotyping in cytogenetics?

    <p>To help identify chromosomal abnormalities and genetic disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

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