23 Questions
What is the main method used to identify chromosomes?
Banding patterns produced by specific stains
Which type of chromosome has the centromere placed at or near the middle?
Metacentric chromosome
Which chromosome arm is designated as 'q'?
The long arm
What is the defining characteristic of acrocentric chromosomes?
The chromosome has a secondary constriction
What is the defining characteristic of submetacentric chromosomes?
The centromere is placed closer to one end of the chromosome
What is the primary function of centromeres in eukaryotic chromosomes?
To segregate the chromatids during meiosis and mitosis
What is the process of arranging chromosomes in pairs of decreasing length called?
Karyotyping
What is the main purpose of telomeres in eukaryotic chromosomes?
To provide terminal stability and ensure the survival of the chromosome
What is the purpose of G-banding in cytogenetics?
To identify each chromosome by its pattern of alternating light and dark bands
What is the difference between euchromatin and heterochromatin in chromosomes?
Euchromatin contains more active genes and replicates in the early S phase, while heterochromatin contains fewer active genes and replicates later.
What is the diagram that represents the morphological features of a species' chromosomes called?
Idiotype
What is the function of the secondary constriction in chromosomes?
Contains loci for ribosomal RNA genes
Which group of human chromosomes includes the largest metacentric chromosomes?
Group A: 1-3
What type of chromatin remains permanently in a heterochromatic stage?
Constitutive heterochromatin
How are chromosomes classified based on staining characteristics?
By regions that stain differently with various chemicals
Which group of human chromosomes consists of smaller, metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes?
Group E: 16-18
What is the function of facultative heterochromatin?
Reverts to the euchromatic stage selectively during development
What is the primary function of chromosomes?
To carry genetic information
During which stage of cell division are chromosomes most easily observed?
Metaphase
What is the characteristic of chromosome number within an individual's cells?
It is constant for each cell in the body
How do chromosomes appear during interphase?
Longest and thinnest
Which of the following statements about chromosome number is true?
It is constant for all members of a species
At which stage of cell division are chromosomes the smallest?
Anaphase
Test your knowledge on the morphology and nomenclature of chromosomes as well as the definition of a karyotype. Learn about the structure and functions of chromosomes in the nucleus.
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