L10 Morphology of chromosomes and Karyotyping
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Questions and Answers

What is the main method used to identify chromosomes?

  • Their shape
  • Their size
  • Banding patterns produced by specific stains (correct)
  • Organizing them into a karyotype

    • Which type of chromosome has the centromere placed at or near the middle?

  • Telocentric chromosome
  • Acrocentric chromosome
  • Submetacentric chromosome
  • Metacentric chromosome (correct)

    • Which chromosome arm is designated as 'q'?

  • The short arm
  • The centromere
  • The long arm (correct)
  • The secondary constriction

    • What is the defining characteristic of acrocentric chromosomes?

    <p>The chromosome has a secondary constriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defining characteristic of submetacentric chromosomes?

    <p>The centromere is placed closer to one end of the chromosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of centromeres in eukaryotic chromosomes?

    <p>To segregate the chromatids during meiosis and mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of arranging chromosomes in pairs of decreasing length called?

    <p>Karyotyping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of telomeres in eukaryotic chromosomes?

    <p>To provide terminal stability and ensure the survival of the chromosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of G-banding in cytogenetics?

    <p>To identify each chromosome by its pattern of alternating light and dark bands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between euchromatin and heterochromatin in chromosomes?

    <p>Euchromatin contains more active genes and replicates in the early S phase, while heterochromatin contains fewer active genes and replicates later.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diagram that represents the morphological features of a species' chromosomes called?

    <p>Idiotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the secondary constriction in chromosomes?

    <p>Contains loci for ribosomal RNA genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of human chromosomes includes the largest metacentric chromosomes?

    <p>Group A: 1-3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of chromatin remains permanently in a heterochromatic stage?

    <p>Constitutive heterochromatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are chromosomes classified based on staining characteristics?

    <p>By regions that stain differently with various chemicals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of human chromosomes consists of smaller, metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes?

    <p>Group E: 16-18</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of facultative heterochromatin?

    <p>Reverts to the euchromatic stage selectively during development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of chromosomes?

    <p>To carry genetic information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of cell division are chromosomes most easily observed?

    <p>Metaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of chromosome number within an individual's cells?

    <p>It is constant for each cell in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do chromosomes appear during interphase?

    <p>Longest and thinnest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about chromosome number is true?

    <p>It is constant for all members of a species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At which stage of cell division are chromosomes the smallest?

    <p>Anaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

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