L10 Morphology of chromosomes and Karyotyping
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Questions and Answers

What is the main method used to identify chromosomes?

  • Their shape
  • Their size
  • Banding patterns produced by specific stains (correct)
  • Organizing them into a karyotype

Which type of chromosome has the centromere placed at or near the middle?

  • Telocentric chromosome
  • Acrocentric chromosome
  • Submetacentric chromosome
  • Metacentric chromosome (correct)

Which chromosome arm is designated as 'q'?

  • The short arm
  • The centromere
  • The long arm (correct)
  • The secondary constriction

What is the defining characteristic of acrocentric chromosomes?

<p>The chromosome has a secondary constriction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of submetacentric chromosomes?

<p>The centromere is placed closer to one end of the chromosome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of centromeres in eukaryotic chromosomes?

<p>To segregate the chromatids during meiosis and mitosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of arranging chromosomes in pairs of decreasing length called?

<p>Karyotyping (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of telomeres in eukaryotic chromosomes?

<p>To provide terminal stability and ensure the survival of the chromosome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of G-banding in cytogenetics?

<p>To identify each chromosome by its pattern of alternating light and dark bands (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between euchromatin and heterochromatin in chromosomes?

<p>Euchromatin contains more active genes and replicates in the early S phase, while heterochromatin contains fewer active genes and replicates later. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the diagram that represents the morphological features of a species' chromosomes called?

<p>Idiotype (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the secondary constriction in chromosomes?

<p>Contains loci for ribosomal RNA genes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of human chromosomes includes the largest metacentric chromosomes?

<p>Group A: 1-3 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of chromatin remains permanently in a heterochromatic stage?

<p>Constitutive heterochromatin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are chromosomes classified based on staining characteristics?

<p>By regions that stain differently with various chemicals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of human chromosomes consists of smaller, metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes?

<p>Group E: 16-18 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of facultative heterochromatin?

<p>Reverts to the euchromatic stage selectively during development (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of chromosomes?

<p>To carry genetic information (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of cell division are chromosomes most easily observed?

<p>Metaphase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of chromosome number within an individual's cells?

<p>It is constant for each cell in the body (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do chromosomes appear during interphase?

<p>Longest and thinnest (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about chromosome number is true?

<p>It is constant for all members of a species (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At which stage of cell division are chromosomes the smallest?

<p>Anaphase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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