Podcast Beta
Questions and Answers
What is the characteristic feature of nonlinear affixation?
Which of the following is an example of infixation in English?
What does internal modification typically entail?
Which phenomenon results from replacing all sound segments in a word?
Signup and view all the answers
In what scenario does subtraction occur in affixation?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following pairs is an example of internal modification?
Signup and view all the answers
Which best describes an infix?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common feature of vowel changes in internal modification?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the perfective form indicate?
Signup and view all the answers
What morphological process involves the repetition of all or part of a word?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following pairs illustrates the effect of suprafixation?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is an example of full reduplication?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of morphological process is represented by the transformation from 'popot' to 'popo'?
Signup and view all the answers
Which term refers to elements like tone or stress in morphological processes?
Signup and view all the answers
What is one characteristic of partial reduplication?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of these processes includes removing segments to form new word forms?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Linear vs. Nonlinear Affixation
- Linear affixation involves combining morphemes in a sequence, including prefixation, suffixation, and compounding.
- Examples of linear affixation:
replay
,development
. - Nonlinear affixation involves morphological changes within a word through infixation, root modification, and other non-linear processes.
- Nonlinear affixes are not added in a linear sequence.
Infixation
- An infix is an affix inserted within a stem.
- Examples in Bahasa Indonesia:
-
-el-
:tunjuk
→telunjuk
(point → index finger) -
-er-
:sabut
→serabut
(fiber → fibers)
-
- Examples in English:
-
fan-bloody-tastis
-
cinde-fuckin’-rella
-
un-freaking-believable
-
Internal Modification
- Internal modification occurs when a phoneme or group of phonemes is replaced by another phoneme within a word, creating a new word.
- This includes replacing vowels, consonants, or both.
- All-sound segment replacement is called suppletion.
- Examples:
-
sing
→sang
→sung
-
drive
→drove
→driven
-
mouse
→mice
-
buy
→bought
-
go
→went
-
good
→better
→best
-
Subtraction
- In subtraction, affixation removes segments.
- Example in Tohono O'odham:
-
t∫upidʒ
(to happen) →t∫upi
(perfective form, indicating completion) -
popot
(to drip) →popo
(perfective form, indicating completion)
-
Suprafixation
- Suprafixes are composed of suprasegmental elements like tone, stress, and nasalization.
- English uses suprafixation through stress shift to derive nouns from verbs.
- Examples:
-
conVért
(verb) →cónvert
(noun) -
addréss
(verb) →áddress
(noun)
-
Reduplication
- Reduplication involves repeating a part or whole of a word for grammatical or semantic changes.
- Full reduplication:
rumah-rumah
(houses),anak-anak
(children) - Rhyming reduplication:
hocus-pocus
,nitty-gritty
,super-duper
- Partial reduplication (in Sundanese):
pisah
→papisah
(separate → separated)
Conclusion
- Non-linear affixation involves complex processes that add depth to the morphological structures of languages.
- Key types of non-linear affixation: infixation, internal modification, subtraction, reduplication, and suprafixation.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Explore the fascinating world of affixation in linguistics, with a focus on linear and nonlinear affixation mechanisms. This quiz examines the principles of infixation and internal modification, providing examples from various languages. Test your understanding of these morphological processes and their applications in real languages.