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Questions and Answers
What is the term for the conventional spelling system of a language?
What is the term for the conventional spelling system of a language?
What type of morpheme can stand by itself as a single word?
What type of morpheme can stand by itself as a single word?
Which of the following is an example of an inflectional morpheme?
Which of the following is an example of an inflectional morpheme?
What type of word carries clear meaning?
What type of word carries clear meaning?
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What is the purpose of derivational morphemes?
What is the purpose of derivational morphemes?
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What is the function of the morpheme -'s in a sentence?
What is the function of the morpheme -'s in a sentence?
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What is the term for the replacement of sounds in words to signify a change in meaning?
What is the term for the replacement of sounds in words to signify a change in meaning?
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Which of the following is an example of strong suppletion?
Which of the following is an example of strong suppletion?
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What is the function of the -ing suffix in English grammar?
What is the function of the -ing suffix in English grammar?
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What is the term for the process of repeating a free morpheme, either fully or partially, to form a new word?
What is the term for the process of repeating a free morpheme, either fully or partially, to form a new word?
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What is the function of the -er suffix in English grammar?
What is the function of the -er suffix in English grammar?
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What is the term for a type of allomorph that causes a slight change in meaning of the word it is attached to?
What is the term for a type of allomorph that causes a slight change in meaning of the word it is attached to?
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What is the term for a word formed from the initials or beginning segments of a succession of words?
What is the term for a word formed from the initials or beginning segments of a succession of words?
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What is the process of creating a completely new free morpheme, unrelated to any existing morphemes?
What is the process of creating a completely new free morpheme, unrelated to any existing morphemes?
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What is the term for a change in the part of speech?
What is the term for a change in the part of speech?
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What is the term for a word that imitates sounds in nature or technology?
What is the term for a word that imitates sounds in nature or technology?
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What is the term for the smallest unit that pairs a consistent form with a consistent meaning?
What is the term for the smallest unit that pairs a consistent form with a consistent meaning?
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What is the term for a phonetic variant form of a morpheme?
What is the term for a phonetic variant form of a morpheme?
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What is the term for deriving a new word from an existing word by adding, changing, or removing a non-inflectional affix?
What is the term for deriving a new word from an existing word by adding, changing, or removing a non-inflectional affix?
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What is the suffix used to form the simple past tense of verbs?
What is the suffix used to form the simple past tense of verbs?
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Study Notes
Grammatical Categories
- Grammatical categories include: verb, noun, adjective, adverb, determiners, preposition, pronoun, conjunction, and interjection.
Morphology
- Orthography refers to the conventional spelling system of a language.
- Free morphemes can stand alone as single words.
- Bound morphemes must be attached to another form and cannot stand alone.
- Content words carry clear meaning, while function words glue a sentence together.
Morphemes
- Derivational morphemes create new words or change the grammatical class of a word.
- Inflectional morphemes show grammatical function of a word, such as:
- -s/-es for plural form
- -'s for possession
- -est for superlative form
- -s for singular third person agreement
- -d/-ed for past tense
- -n/-en for past participle
Word Formation
- Derivation: creating a new word by adding, changing, or removing a non-inflectional affix.
- Compounding: combining two or more words to form a new word.
- Blending: combining parts of words to form a new word.
- Clipping: removing segments of a word to create a synonym.
- Acronyms: forming a word from the initials of a phrase.
- Back formation: creating a new word by reducing an existing word.
- Functional shift: changing the part of speech of a word.
- Eponym: naming a word after a person, place, or thing.
- Coining: creating a completely new free morpheme.
- Onomatopoeia: words that imitate sounds.
- Suffixoidal splinters: using non-morphemic parts of words to create new words.
Allomorphs
- Morpheme: the smallest unit pairing a consistent form with a consistent meaning.
- Allomorph: a phonetic variant form of a morpheme.
- Additive allomorphs: adding affixes to words to modify their meanings.
- Replacive allomorphs: replacing sounds in words to signify a change in meaning.
- Strong suppletion: using a completely different stem to form a new word.
- Zero allomorphs: causing a slight change in meaning of the word.
- Weak suppletion: using a related but different stem to form a new word.
Examples
- -ing marks the present participle.
- -er marks the comparative form.
- Reduplication: full or partial repetition of a free morpheme, sometimes with variation.
- Suppletive allomorphs: changing the word shape completely, such as using "went" as the past tense form of the verb "go".
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Description
Test your understanding of replacive allomorphs, strong suppletion, zero allomorphs, and weak suppletion in linguistics.
