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Questions and Answers
What does moral character primarily reflect in an individual?
What does moral character primarily reflect in an individual?
Which component is NOT part of the tripartite framework for understanding moral character?
Which component is NOT part of the tripartite framework for understanding moral character?
How does conscientiousness relate to moral character?
How does conscientiousness relate to moral character?
Which of the following statements best describes a person low on conscientiousness?
Which of the following statements best describes a person low on conscientiousness?
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What does the sense of obligation in moral character imply?
What does the sense of obligation in moral character imply?
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Which trait is a component of self-regulation in moral character?
Which trait is a component of self-regulation in moral character?
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What aspect does 'commitment to honesty' in moral character address?
What aspect does 'commitment to honesty' in moral character address?
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What is a defining feature of someone with a strong sense of responsibility for others?
What is a defining feature of someone with a strong sense of responsibility for others?
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What does conscientiousness predict in a workplace setting?
What does conscientiousness predict in a workplace setting?
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What does moral sensitivity refer to in the context of ethical decision-making?
What does moral sensitivity refer to in the context of ethical decision-making?
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Which of the following best defines moral identity internalization?
Which of the following best defines moral identity internalization?
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What is considered a higher level of morality according to Piaget?
What is considered a higher level of morality according to Piaget?
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How does perseverance relate to moral action?
How does perseverance relate to moral action?
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What is moral judgment concerned with?
What is moral judgment concerned with?
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Which quality is NOT associated with moral character according to Pritchard?
Which quality is NOT associated with moral character according to Pritchard?
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What is the essence of morality according to the content provided?
What is the essence of morality according to the content provided?
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What does the term 'impermissible' refer to in moral judgments?
What does the term 'impermissible' refer to in moral judgments?
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Which of the following describes what is meant by 'permissible' actions?
Which of the following describes what is meant by 'permissible' actions?
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What do supererogatory actions represent in ethical discussions?
What do supererogatory actions represent in ethical discussions?
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Which ethical theory asserts that moral facts exist independently of individual thoughts?
Which ethical theory asserts that moral facts exist independently of individual thoughts?
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What does non-cognitivism assert about moral judgments?
What does non-cognitivism assert about moral judgments?
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Which of the following is a step included in the framework for ethical decision making?
Which of the following is a step included in the framework for ethical decision making?
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How does ethical subjectivism differ from moral realism?
How does ethical subjectivism differ from moral realism?
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Which of the following statements is true regarding impermissible actions?
Which of the following statements is true regarding impermissible actions?
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At which stage do individuals begin to consider the impact of their actions on society as a whole?
At which stage do individuals begin to consider the impact of their actions on society as a whole?
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What is the primary focus of individuals in Stage 5 of moral development?
What is the primary focus of individuals in Stage 5 of moral development?
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What quality does impartiality refer to in moral decision-making?
What quality does impartiality refer to in moral decision-making?
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Which moral development stage is characterized by individuals upholding universal principles?
Which moral development stage is characterized by individuals upholding universal principles?
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Which of the following is NOT part of the 7 Step Moral Reasoning Model?
Which of the following is NOT part of the 7 Step Moral Reasoning Model?
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Which stage emphasizes a social contract that can be altered based on individual circumstances?
Which stage emphasizes a social contract that can be altered based on individual circumstances?
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In moral decision-making, what do stakeholders represent?
In moral decision-making, what do stakeholders represent?
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Which stage is primarily applicable to children younger than six years old?
Which stage is primarily applicable to children younger than six years old?
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What is meant by Causal Responsibility?
What is meant by Causal Responsibility?
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What is the focus of Distributive Justice?
What is the focus of Distributive Justice?
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According to Max Scheler's Hierarchy of Values, what does the principle of responsibility imply?
According to Max Scheler's Hierarchy of Values, what does the principle of responsibility imply?
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What does Restorative Justice focus on?
What does Restorative Justice focus on?
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Which philosopher is known for the claim that 'justice is the first virtue of social institutions'?
Which philosopher is known for the claim that 'justice is the first virtue of social institutions'?
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What does Procedural Justice emphasize?
What does Procedural Justice emphasize?
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Which value category pertains to the well-being of a community?
Which value category pertains to the well-being of a community?
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What is a common outcome sought by an individual in Restorative Justice?
What is a common outcome sought by an individual in Restorative Justice?
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What is the primary characteristic of moral reasoning at the postconventional level?
What is the primary characteristic of moral reasoning at the postconventional level?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of ethical theory mentioned?
Which of the following is NOT a type of ethical theory mentioned?
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What approach combines the fairness or justice approach with the universality of rights?
What approach combines the fairness or justice approach with the universality of rights?
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The egoistic approach to ethical decision-making emphasizes what?
The egoistic approach to ethical decision-making emphasizes what?
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Which philosopher is noted for his influential perspective on justice in ethical theory?
Which philosopher is noted for his influential perspective on justice in ethical theory?
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What is the main focus of the Utilitarian Approach in ethical decisions?
What is the main focus of the Utilitarian Approach in ethical decisions?
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What does the term 'reason' refer to in the context of moral decision-making?
What does the term 'reason' refer to in the context of moral decision-making?
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In ethical egoism, individuals typically aim to achieve what?
In ethical egoism, individuals typically aim to achieve what?
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Study Notes
Moral Character and Development
- Moral character is an individual's propensity to act ethically, as opposed to unethically. Character encompasses related thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
- This relates to individual differences in morality.
- Funder and Fast's work provides a relevant framework.
- Damon (1988) identified 6 ways social scientists define morality:
- Evaluative orientation, distinguishing good and bad, and prescribing good
- Sense of obligation to a social collective
- Sense of responsibility for actions concerning others
- Concern for the rights of others
- Commitment to honesty in interpersonal relationships
- A mindset generating negative emotional reactions to immoral acts
- Wynne and Walberg (1984) define moral character as engaging in moral conduct or refraining from certain conduct
- Piaget (1969) associated morality with internalized rules (autonomy) versus external rules (heteronomy).
- Pritchard (1988) considers moral character a persistent personality quality with a positive connotation.
Tripartite Framework for Understanding Moral Character
- A framework for understanding moral character consists of 3 elements:
- Motivation to do good and avoid bad
- Capacity to do good and avoid bad
- Identity as a good or bad person
Honesty-Humility
- Honesty-Humility is a tendency to be fair and genuine in dealings with others.
- Examples of self-regulation traits include conscientiousness, self-control, and consideration of consequences.
Conscientiousness
- High conscientiousness is linked to dependability, self-discipline, and care.
- Low conscientiousness is related to irresponsibility, laziness, and disorganization.
- Conscientiousness is a significant predictor of counterproductive behaviors and job performance, influencing reduced absenteeism, procrastination, coworker conflict, and abusive leadership.
- Moral Identity internalization is a defining characteristic of the identity element of moral character.
Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development
- Lawrence Kohlberg researched how children develop a sense of right, wrong, and justice.
- His theory parallels Piaget's cognitive development stages.
- Stages:
- Stage 1: Obedience and Punishment
- Stage 2: Individualism and Exchange
- Stage 3: Good Interpersonal Relationships
- Stage 4: Maintaining Social Order
- Stage 5: Social Contract and Individual Rights
- Stage 6: Universal Principles
Ethics and Morality
- Ethics are moral principles that direct behavior.
- Morals are personal principles distinguishing right and wrong or good and bad.
- Four ethical components defined by Lynn W. Swaner:
- Moral sensitivity (recognizing ethical dilemmas)
- Moral judgment (evaluating actions)
- Moral motivation (commitment to moral action)
- Moral character (persistence in spite of personal challenges)
Minimum Requirements for Morality
- Impartiality is key to moral objectivity
- Objective decision-making considers the majority's well-being as opposed to specific people's well-being.
Ethical Theory Types
- Three broad types of ethical theory:
- Consequentialist (e.g., Utilitarian)
- Non-consequentialist (e.g., Duty-Based)
- Agent-Centered (e.g., Virtue)
Meta-ethical Theories:
- Meta-ethical theories classify as:
- Cognitivist: moral judgments are statements of fact.
- Non-cognitivist: moral judgments are expressions of feelings or attitudes. (Emotivism is a non-cognitivist theory.)
Freedom and Responsibility
- Freedom is the power to act, speak, and think without restraint.
- Responsibility involves obligations associated with fulfilling commitments or duties, often resulting in consequences.
Justice and Fairness
- Justice, stemming from the Latin word justitia, relates to fitting or right conduct.
- Various types of justice include distributive, procedural, restorative, and retributive.
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Description
Explore the intricate concepts of moral character and its development through various frameworks and theories. This quiz discusses individual differences in morality, key definitions provided by leading researchers, and the relationship between moral conduct and character. Test your understanding of moral character's role in ethical behavior.
