Moral Agents and Ethical Theories

Moral Agents and Ethics

• Moral agent: An adult making ethical decisions
• Branches of ethics: Normative ethics
• Ethical theory emphasizing consequences: Utilitarianism
• Non-moral issue: What is the best pizza topping?
• Moral principle: The principle of utility
• Criticism of utilitarianism: Can justify harmful actions for the greater good
• Key aspect of Kantian ethics: The intentions behind actions
• Responsibilities of a moral agent: Consider the impact of their actions
• Moral dilemma: Two moral principles conflict with each other
• Characteristics of a moral agent: Accountability, autonomy, rationality
• Philosopher associated with virtue ethics: Aristotle
• Ethical theory focusing on greatest happiness: Utilitarianism
• Not a characteristic of moral judgments: Subjectivity
• Primary focus of ethics: Examination of moral values and principles
• Example of a moral question: Is it wrong to cheat on a test?
• Primary focus of consequentialism: Outcomes of actions
• Ethical dilemma: Choice between two equally undesirable outcomes
• Moral integrity: Consistency of one's moral beliefs and actions
• Utilitarianism (in ethical dilemmas): The greatest good for the greatest number
• Example of a moral dilemma: Choosing between loyalty to a friend and honesty
• Key feature of moral reasoning: Logical consistency
• Moral dilemma elements: Two moral principles conflict
• Moral reasoning key component: Logical analysis
• Moral question example: Is it wrong to steal?
• Moral principle example: The principle of justice
• Moral action judgment basis: Ethical principles