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Man as a Moral Agent
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Man as a Moral Agent

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Questions and Answers

What is the existentialist view on human existence?

  • Human existence is determined entirely by external influences.
  • Human beings become what they make of themselves through choices. (correct)
  • Human beings are inherently good and altruistic.
  • Human beings have a pre-defined purpose from birth.

    • According to process philosophers, what role do individuals have in shaping their destiny?

  • They are solely responsible for inventing their own purpose. (correct)
  • They have no role; destiny is predetermined.
  • They follow a prescribed path laid out by societal norms.
  • They are co-authors of their destiny with a higher power.

    • What might prevent a person from accepting charity, according to the text?

  • Complete and egoistic nature. (correct)
  • Lack of understanding of the concept.
  • Fear of interpersonal connections.
  • Desire for independence.

    • What do thinkers like Martin Heidegger and Gabriel Marcel emphasize about human relations?

    <p>Human beings are intrinsically linked and interdependent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept do existentialists and process philosophers reject?

    <p>The existence of a higher power influencing choices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is implied about those who live a life by following others’ opinions?

    <p>They live a hollow, empty, or meaningless life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated about one's choices at the moment of death?

    <p>They may reflect a lifetime of established habits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the thinkers mentioned in the content suggest about pre-fixed plans for people?

    <p>There are no pre-existing directions for individual purpose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental option described in the content?

    <p>An affirmative response to God's invitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Fr. Emmanuel R. Fernandez, what influences all other actions and decisions in one's life?

    <p>The fundamental option one adopts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the judgment of conscience play according to the text?

    <p>It determines the pursuit of moral good</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At the moment of death, what factor does Troisfontaines suggest individuals evaluate?

    <p>Their relationships and connections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is seen as a critical moment when evaluating one's fundamental option?

    <p>The final moments before death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the content imply about the fundamental choice one makes?

    <p>It reflects the ultimate orientation of the soul.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it essential to form the fundamental judgment of conscience?

    <p>To sincerely pursue the ideal of moral perfection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the fundamental option require from individuals as they live their lives?

    <p>Faithful adherence to their chosen way</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental option in the context of moral agency?

    <p>A basic choice for a good or bad life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to existentialist thought, what defines a person?

    <p>Their choices and actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do process philosophers believe about moral agents?

    <p>They create their own purpose and destiny</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which perspective emphasizes the relationship of moral agents with others?

    <p>Heidegger’s view</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal for a moral agent according to Brabander?

    <p>To develop and improve the world for future generations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by the concept of 'world to come' as discussed in the content?

    <p>A transformation of the current world into a spiritually enlightened existence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, how should one engage with the world to bring about the 'world to come'?

    <p>By actively participating in improving and developing the current world</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What perspective does Fr. Rene de Brabander advocate regarding earthly life?

    <p>Earthly life is valuable and must be improved to lead to the 'world to come'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Martin Buber's philosophy relate to the concept of living together?

    <p>It emphasizes the importance of experiencing real meetings between individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Robert Francoeur suggest about the future world?

    <p>It will rely on current material realities while transforming them spiritually</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does dialogue play in the understanding of beings-with-others?

    <p>It is instrumental in defining purpose and direction in life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Buber assert about hallowing this world?

    <p>It fosters a deeper encounter with the divine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the modern saint characterized according to the content?

    <p>As someone who engages actively in social and charitable actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a moral agent according to the provided information?

    <p>One who performs acts in accordance with moral standards.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following must a moral agent possess?

    <p>A capacity to conform to external requirements of morality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the strong Kantian version of moral agency?

    <p>Moral agents must have the capacity to act for the sake of moral law.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which example best illustrates a being that cannot be considered a moral agent?

    <p>A dog that reacts based on instincts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a fundamental characteristic of human acts as described in the content?

    <p>They proceed from man as a rational being.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of moral agency, what does 'moral quality' refer to?

    <p>An action that can be classified as good or evil.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do external requirements of morality contribute to moral agency?

    <p>They provide a framework within which moral agents can act.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following options describes the term 'moral agent'?

    <p>An entity capable of moral and ethical reasoning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Man as a Moral Agent

    • A moral agent is a being capable of acting morally, making decisions based on ethical standards.
    • Human acts are actions that proceed from a person's rationality, making them morally relevant.
    • Fundamental Option is the core choice an individual makes in life, aligning themselves with good or evil. This decision influences every subsequent action.
    • “Yes” to God, or choosing a path guided by faith, is an example of a fundamental option.
    • An individual's orientation towards communion or isolation at the moment of death is a manifestation of their fundamental option.
    • There is no predetermined plan or purpose for humans according to existentialist and process philosophers.
    • Jean-Paul Sartre argues that humans are defined by their choices, becoming what they choose to be.
    • Teilhard de Chardin and Alfred North Whitehead believe that humans are a product of a creative process, shaping their own destinies.
    • Being-with-others signifies the inherent interconnectedness of humankind, where individuals contribute to their shared reality.

    Moral Agency and the World to Come

    • Rene de Brabander advocates for an earthly transformation, improving this world to bring forth the "world to come," a more spiritual realm.
    • Robert Francoeur proposes the spiritualization of the material world, removing the limitations of our physical world.
    • An individual contributes to this future world through acts of unification, order, and synthesis.

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    Description

    Explore the concept of moral agency and the significance of human acts in ethical decision-making. This quiz delves into fundamental options, the impact of existentialist thought, and the philosophies of Jean-Paul Sartre and others. Test your understanding of how these ideas shape our identities and choices.

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