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Questions and Answers
What marks the start of the rainy season in India?
What marks the start of the rainy season in India?
- The increase in pressure
- The onset of the south-west monsoon (correct)
- The onset of the north-east monsoon
- The decrease in temperature
Why do the temperatures in the north-western plains remain high during the rainy season?
Why do the temperatures in the north-western plains remain high during the rainy season?
- Due to low pressure conditions (correct)
- Due to the Coriolis effect
- Due to the Bay of Bengal winds
- Due to high pressure conditions
What happens to the south-east trade winds after crossing the Equator?
What happens to the south-east trade winds after crossing the Equator?
- They move northwards
- They remain in the Southern Hemisphere
- They move southwards
- They become westward-moving (correct)
Which region still experiences temperatures reaching up to 40°C during the rainy season?
Which region still experiences temperatures reaching up to 40°C during the rainy season?
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What causes the change in wind direction in the Indo-Gangetic plain?
What causes the change in wind direction in the Indo-Gangetic plain?
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Why is the South-West monsoon named as such?
Why is the South-West monsoon named as such?
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What is the significance of low pressure conditions for attracting trade winds?
What is the significance of low pressure conditions for attracting trade winds?
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Study Notes
The Rainy Season or The South-West Monsoon Season
- The change in direction of monsoon winds is due to relief features and thermal low pressure over north-west India.
- Three-fourths of India's total annual rainfall is received during this season.
Monsoon Winds
- The monsoon winds have two branches: the Arabian Sea branch and the Bay of Bengal branch.
- The Arabian Sea branch strikes the western coast of India in Kerala on 1st June.
- The windward side of the Sahyadris receives very heavy rainfall.
- The Arabian Sea branch causes rainfall in the Deccan plateau, Madhya Pradesh, and the Ganga plains.
- Another part of the Arabian Sea branch strikes the Saurashtra peninsula and Kachchh, causing scanty rainfall in west Rajasthan and along the Aravalis.
Bay of Bengal Branch
- The Bay of Bengal branch mingles with the Arabian Sea branch in the Ganga plains.
- The combined branches cause rainfall in the Western Himalayas.
Local Winds
- In Bengal, local winds are called Kal Baisakhi, which are accompanied by thunderstorms and heavy rainfall.
- These winds are beneficial for tea crops in April and May.
- Loo is a hot, dry wind that blows in May and June, affecting the Northern Plain.
- Loo brings high temperatures, sometimes rising up to 45°C or 50°C, causing sunstroke.
- Loo is common in Bihar, Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh.
Mango Showers
- Mango showers occur in South India during April-May, bringing a little rain essential for mango, tea, and coffee plantations.
- These showers are important for the crops in this region.
Weather Conditions
- Temperature begins to fall as the monsoon rainfall intensifies.
- North-western parts and desert areas of Rajasthan still have high temperatures, up to 40°C.
- Low pressure conditions prevail in north-western plains, attracting trade winds from the Southern Hemisphere.
- The Coriolis effect deflects these winds to the right, making them follow a south-westerly direction.
Monsoon Characteristics
- The monsoon winds follow a south-westerly direction throughout Peninsular India.
- In the Indo-Gangetic plain, the direction of the monsoon winds changes, moving from east to west.
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