Monomers and Polymers of Organic Molecules

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Questions and Answers

Which of these are key organic molecules of life?

Amino Acid (correct)

Carbohydrate (correct)

Protein (correct)

Lipid (correct)

What is the carbohydrate monomer?

glucose

What is the polymer of carbohydrates?

Polysaccharide: starches, glycogen, cellulose

What are the monomers of lipids?

Glycerol and Fatty Acids Signup and view all the answers

What are the polymers of lipids?

Saturated fat, unsaturated fat, phospholipids, steroids Signup and view all the answers

What is the monomer of nucleic acids?

Nucleotide Signup and view all the answers

What is the polymer of nucleic acids?

Nucleic Acid (DNA and RNA) Signup and view all the answers

What is the monomer of proteins?

Amino Acids Signup and view all the answers

What is the polymer of proteins?

Polypeptide Chain Signup and view all the answers

The monomer of carbohydrates is ____.

glucose Signup and view all the answers

The monomer of nucleic acid includes adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, and ____.

uracil Signup and view all the answers

What are the examples of monomers?

RNA, DNA, glucose, glycerol, fatty acid, saturated fat Signup and view all the answers

What are polysaccharides?

Polymers of carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

What is a phospholipid?

Lipid used for cell structure/membrane Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are organic compounds?

Lipids Signup and view all the answers

Inorganic compounds contain carbon.

False Signup and view all the answers

Define a monomer.

A small molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer. Signup and view all the answers

Define a polymer.

A very large organic molecule composed of many smaller molecules. Signup and view all the answers

What is activation energy?

The minimum quantity of energy that the reacting species must absorb to undergo a specified reaction. Signup and view all the answers

What is an enzyme?

A catalyst that lowers the activation energy required of the substrate. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Key Organic Molecules

Four main organic molecules essential for life: lipids, proteins, amino acids, carbohydrates.

Carbohydrates

Monomer of carbohydrates: glucose, a monosaccharide crucial for energy.
Polymers of carbohydrates: polysaccharides include starch, glycogen, and cellulose.
Starch and cellulose are derived from plants, while glycogen is animal-derived.

Lipids

Monomers of lipids: glycerol and fatty acids.
Polymers of lipids include saturated fats, unsaturated fats, phospholipids, and steroids.
Phospholipids are vital components of cell membranes and consist of glycerol, a phosphate group, and fatty acid chains.

Nucleic Acids

Monomer of nucleic acids: nucleotide, which includes bases such as adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, and uracil.
Polymers of nucleic acids: DNA and RNA, which store and transmit genetic information.

Proteins

Monomer of proteins: amino acids, the building blocks of proteins.
Polymer of proteins: polypeptide chains formed by peptide bonds between amino acids.

Additional Concepts

Monomers are small molecules that bond to form larger polymers.
Polymers are large organic molecules composed of repeating monomers, making up macromolecules.
Organic compounds, including proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids, are based on carbon.
Inorganic compounds, such as water and oxygen, do not contain carbon.
Activation energy is the minimum energy needed for a reaction to occur.
Enzymes lower activation energy, facilitating reactions by binding substrates at their active sites.

Lipids Functions

Serve three primary roles in cells: energy storage, structural components of cell membranes, and cell signaling molecules, particularly steroid hormones.

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Description

This quiz covers the fundamental monomers and polymers of four key organic molecules essential for life: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Test your knowledge on various terms and definitions related to these biological macromolecules.