18 Questions
What are the two factors involved in kinetic energy?
Mass and velocity
What type of energy is possessed by objects due to their position?
Potential energy
In elastic collisions, what is conserved?
Kinetic energy
What is the primary factor that determines the inertia of an object?
Its mass
What happens to kinetic energy in inelastic collisions?
It is lost as heat and deformation
What happens to the momentum of an object when its mass or velocity increases?
It increases
In the equation 𝐾𝐸 = 𝑚𝑣2/2, what is the relationship between kinetic energy and velocity?
Kinetic energy is directly proportional to the square of velocity
What is the term for the product of the force applied and the duration of time it was applied?
Impulse
What type of potential energy is due to an object's position in a gravitational field?
Gravitational potential energy
Why is it more difficult to stop a heavier object than a lighter one?
Because of its greater mass
What is the momentum of an object at rest?
Zero
What is the result of increasing the force applied or the time of contact on an object?
An increase in impulse
What is the fundamental principle behind the law of conservation of momentum?
The total momentum of a system before and after collision are equal only if there are no external forces
What is the key characteristic of an elastic collision?
Kinetic energy is conserved
What is the difference between kinetic energy and potential energy?
Kinetic energy is due to motion, while potential energy is due to position
What is the primary reason why the total momentum of a system before and after collision are equal?
There are no external forces acting on the system
What is the main characteristic of an inelastic collision?
Kinetic energy is not conserved
What is the definition of energy in terms of work?
Energy is the measure of the capacity of an object to do work
Study Notes
Energy
- Kinetic energy: energy of bodies in motion
- Directly proportional to object's mass and square of its velocity (KE = mv²/2)
- Potential energy: energy possessed by objects due to their position
- Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE) = mgh, where m is mass, g is acceleration due to gravity, and h is height
Collisions
- Elastic collisions: objects separate after collision, kinetic energy conserved
- Examples: billiard balls, ping-pong balls, hard objects
- Inelastic collisions: objects separate after collision, kinetic energy not conserved
- Energy converted to sound, heat, and deformation of objects
Momentum
- Inertia: ability of body to resist outside force, increases with mass
- Momentum: mass in motion, depends on mass and velocity
- Momentum = mass x velocity
- Objects at rest have inertia but no momentum
- Increase in mass or velocity increases momentum
Momentum and Force
- Impulse: force applied multiplied by duration of time
- Greater impulse results in greater change in momentum
- Force and time are important to consider when changing momentum
Law of Conservation of Momentum
- States that total momentum of a system remains constant in the absence of external forces
- Mathematically expressed as: momentum before = momentum after (m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1 + m2v2)
Energy Types
- Mechanical energy: energy of a particle due to its motion and position
- Consists of kinetic energy and potential energy
- Other forms of energy: light, sound, chemical, heat
Test your understanding of the impulse-momentum theory and the law of conservation of momentum. Learn how to apply these concepts to real-life scenarios, such as collisions. Evaluate your knowledge of momentum and its relationship with force and time.
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