Molecular Structure of DNA

Study Notes

Algebra

Basic Algebra:
- Deals with algebraic expressions: variables, constants, coefficients.
- Includes basic operations: addition, subtraction, multiplication, division.
Equations:
- Linear equations: In the form ax + b = 0.
- Quadratic equations: In the form ax² + bx + c = 0; solved using the quadratic formula (delta).
Systems of Equations:
- Consistent systems: Solved using substitution or elimination methods.
- Inconsistent systems: Solved using substitution or matrices.
Graphs of Functions:
- Linear functions: Represented by straight lines.
- Quadratic functions: Represented by parabolas.
Functions:
- Increasing and decreasing functions: Determined by the slope of the graph.
- Properties: Identification of intervals of increase, decrease, and extrema (maxima and minima).

Angles

Definition:
- An angle is the space between two line segments that share a common endpoint.
Types of angles:
- Acute angle: Less than 90 degrees.
- Right angle: Equal to 90 degrees.
- Obtuse angle: Greater than 90 degrees but less than 180 degrees.
- Straight angle: Equal to 180 degrees.
- Similar and vertically opposite angles.
Measuring angles:
- Measured in degrees (°), or radians (rad).

Trigonometric Functions

Definition:
- A trigonometric function is a function of an angle, expressed as the ratio of two sides of a right triangle.
Special angles:
- 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°, 180°, 270°, 360°.
Trigonometric ratios:
- Sine (sin): The ratio of the opposite side to the hypotenuse.
- Cosine (cos): The ratio of the adjacent side to the hypotenuse.
- Tangent (tan): Ratio of sine to cosine: tan(θ) = sin(θ) / cos(θ).
Important Theorems:
- Fundamental trigonometric identity: sin²(θ) + cos²(θ) = 1
- Trigonometric identities: Includes addition formulas, multiplication formulas, and cube formulas.

Description

This quiz explores the molecular structure of DNA, focusing on its components, formations, and functions. Test your knowledge about the building blocks that make up the DNA molecule and their significance in genetics.