Molecular Structure of DNA
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Questions and Answers

What is the distance between the nitrogenous bases in the DNA molecule?

  • 3.4 nm
  • 1 nm
  • 0.34 nm (correct)
  • 10 nm

    • What is the process of copying DNA before cell division?

  • Translation
  • Replication (correct)
  • Transcription
  • Mutation

    • Who deduced the structure of DNA through observations of X-ray crystallographic images?

  • Darwin
  • Crick
  • Watson (correct)
  • Franklin

    • What is the nature of the sugar-phosphate backbones in the DNA molecule?

    <p>Antiparallel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of replication that occurs in DNA, where each new molecule is composed of one parent strand and one new strand?

    <p>Semiconservative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pairing of nitrogenous bases in the DNA molecule?

    <p>Adenine with Thymine, and Cytosine with Guanine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of primase during DNA replication?

    <p>To join RNA nucleotides into a primer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of DNA polymerase III during lagging strand synthesis?

    <p>To add DNA nucleotides to the primer, forming an Okazaki fragment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of topoisomerase in DNA replication?

    <p>To prevent supercoiling during unwinding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of DNA ligase during DNA replication?

    <p>To form a bond between the newest DNA and the adjacent DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which direction is the leading strand synthesized?

    <p>5' - 3'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of DNA replication?

    <p>From 5' to 3' on both the leading and lagging strands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of primase in lagging strand synthesis?

    <p>To synthesize RNA primers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of single-strand binding proteins during DNA replication?

    <p>To coat the DNA around the replication fork to prevent rewinding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the enzyme responsible for replacing RNA primers with DNA nucleotides on the lagging strand?

    <p>DNA polymerase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the RNA primer on the third fragment after DNA polymerase III reaches it?

    <p>It is replaced with DNA nucleotides by DNA polymerase III</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of DNA ligase in lagging strand synthesis?

    <p>To bond the 3' end of one fragment to the 5' end of another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of synthesis of the Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand?

    <p>Discontinuous and in the 5'-3' direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would be affected by mutations in the enzyme DNA polymerase I?

    <p>lagging strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mutations in the enzyme primase would affect the synthesis of which new strand?

    <p>lagging strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of helicase in DNA replication?

    <p>To unwind the parental double helix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would be affected by mutations in the enzyme DNA ligase?

    <p>lagging strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What direction is the leading strand synthesized in?

    <p>5' 3' direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is involved in the repair of Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand?

    <p>DNA polymerase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of primase in DNA replication?

    <p>To begin synthesis of RNA primer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During bacterial replication, which strand has continuous synthesis?

    <p>leading strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when DNA pol III reaches the RNA primer on the third fragment?

    <p>It dissociates and moves to the replication fork</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of DNA ligase in DNA replication?

    <p>To bond the 3' end of the second fragment to the 5' end of the first fragment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final step in the synthesis of the lagging strand?

    <p>The replacement of the last RNA nucleotide with DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

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