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Questions and Answers
Which of the following physical properties reflects intermolecular forces?
Which of the following physical properties reflects intermolecular forces?
- Hardness
- Conductivity
- Density (correct)
- Color
Which of the following is the strongest intermolecular force?
Which of the following is the strongest intermolecular force?
- Dispersion forces
- Hydrogen bonding
- Ion-dipole forces (correct)
- Dipole-dipole forces
What causes hydrogen bonding?
What causes hydrogen bonding?
- The high electronegativity of sodium, potassium, and chlorine
- The high electronegativity of nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine (correct)
- The high electronegativity of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
- The high electronegativity of helium, neon, and argon
In what type of solution are ion-dipole interactions found?
In what type of solution are ion-dipole interactions found?
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What do phase diagrams show?
What do phase diagrams show?
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What is the critical temperature and pressure of water due to?
What is the critical temperature and pressure of water due to?
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What are liquid crystals?
What are liquid crystals?
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How are nematic liquid crystals ordered?
How are nematic liquid crystals ordered?
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What is unique about smectic liquid crystals?
What is unique about smectic liquid crystals?
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What is the structure of cholesteryic liquid crystals?
What is the structure of cholesteryic liquid crystals?
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Study Notes
- The fundamental difference between states of matter is the strength of intermolecular forces of attraction.
- Physical properties like boiling points, melting points, viscosity, surface tension, and capillary action reflect intermolecular forces.
- Weakest to strongest forces: dispersion forces, dipole-dipole forces, hydrogen bonding, ion-dipole forces.
- Hydrogen bonding arises from the high electronegativity of nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine.
- Ion-dipole interactions are found in solutions of ions.
- Phase diagrams show melting, boiling, and sublimation points at different pressures.
- Water has a high critical temperature and pressure due to strong van der Waals forces between water molecules.
- Liquid crystals have traits of both solids and liquids.
- Nematic liquid crystals are only ordered in one dimension, while smectic liquid crystals are ordered in two dimensions.
- Cholesteryic liquid crystals have nematic-like crystals layered at angles to each other.
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