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Questions and Answers
What is the fundamental difference between states of matter?
What is the fundamental difference between states of matter?
- Their color
- Their density
- Their texture
- The strength of intermolecular forces of attraction (correct)
Which physical properties reflect intermolecular forces?
Which physical properties reflect intermolecular forces?
- Density and color
- Taste and smell
- Sound and light
- Boiling points and melting points (correct)
Which intermolecular force is the weakest?
Which intermolecular force is the weakest?
- Ion-dipole forces
- Hydrogen bonding
- Dispersion forces (correct)
- Dipole-dipole forces
What causes hydrogen bonding?
What causes hydrogen bonding?
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Where are ion-dipole interactions found?
Where are ion-dipole interactions found?
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What do phase diagrams show?
What do phase diagrams show?
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Why does water have a high critical temperature and pressure?
Why does water have a high critical temperature and pressure?
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What traits do liquid crystals have?
What traits do liquid crystals have?
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How are nematic liquid crystals ordered?
How are nematic liquid crystals ordered?
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What do cholesteryic liquid crystals have?
What do cholesteryic liquid crystals have?
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Study Notes
- The fundamental difference between states of matter is the strength of intermolecular forces of attraction.
- Physical properties like boiling points, melting points, viscosity, surface tension, and capillary action reflect intermolecular forces.
- Weakest to strongest forces: dispersion forces, dipole-dipole forces, hydrogen bonding, ion-dipole forces.
- Hydrogen bonding arises from the high electronegativity of nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine.
- Ion-dipole interactions are found in solutions of ions.
- Phase diagrams show melting, boiling, and sublimation points at different pressures.
- Water has a high critical temperature and pressure due to strong van der Waals forces between water molecules.
- Liquid crystals have traits of both solids and liquids.
- Nematic liquid crystals are only ordered in one dimension, while smectic liquid crystals are ordered in two dimensions.
- Cholesteryic liquid crystals have nematic-like crystals layered at angles to each other.
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