Molecular Diagnostics in Medicine and Microbiology

What is the primary purpose of molecular diagnostics in medicine?

To extract DNA/RNA from biological samples
To perform electrophoresis and sequencing
To identify specific microorganisms or strains
To diagnose and monitor diseases, detect risk, and determine suitable therapies for individual patients (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a step in molecular diagnostics?

Nucleic acid amplification
DNA/RNA extraction
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Microbial culture (correct)

What is the primary cause of dental infections?

Antibiotic resistance
Infections originating in the tooth or its supporting structures (correct)
Lack of modern dentistry
Poor oral hygiene

Which of the following statements about dental infections is TRUE?

They were a common cause of death in the past due to lack of antibiotics (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a dental abscess?

A build-up of pus in the teeth or gums caused by an infection (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the main cause of acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG)?

Prevotella intermedia, Bacillus fusiformis and Borrelia vincentii (B) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG) from chronic periodontitis?

Severe gum pain (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary cause of pericoronitis?

Both A and B (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bacterial species are commonly involved in pericoronal infections?

Prevotella, Veillonella, Bacteroides, Capnocytophaga (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment for acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG)?

Bed rest, administration of penicillin or other antibiotics, and antiseptic mouth rinses (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a dental implant?

To replace missing teeth (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of dental implant infection?

Poor oral hygiene and gum disease (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recommended treatment for dental implant infection?

Surgical removal of the patient's teeth (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is Noma (Cancrum oris)?

A devastating bacterial infection that destroys oral tissues (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT listed as a risk factor for Noma?

Exposure to secondhand smoke (A) Signup and view all the answers

What bacterial species are primarily responsible for the progression of Noma?

Fusobacterium necrophorum and Prevotella intermedia (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of bad breath (halitosis)?

It can develop due to various reasons (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common complication causing death from measles?

Pneumonia (C) Signup and view all the answers

How is the definitive diagnosis of measles established?

Clinical findings (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an effective treatment for measles?

Vitamin A supplementation (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following groups should NOT receive the MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine?

Pregnant women (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which viral disease is the second most common cause of severe lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children, after RSV?

Parainfluenza virus (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about the adenovirus capsid?

It is resistant to inactivation by gastrointestinal tract, drying, and detergents (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most serious complication of measles?

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a mode of transmission for adenoviruses?

Vector-borne transmission (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following infections is NOT caused by adenoviruses?

Hepatitis A (C) Signup and view all the answers

How is the diagnosis of adenovirus infection made?

By detecting viral antigen, antibodies, or viral DNA (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about human papillomavirus (HPV) is NOT true?

HPV is an enveloped virus (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the only known host for human papillomavirus (HPV)?

Humans (A) Signup and view all the answers