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Questions and Answers
What is a common cause of Leukocytosis?
What is a common cause of Leukocytosis?
- Hemolytic anemia
- Bone marrow disorders
- Dental caries
- Thyroid problems (correct)
Which of the following is NOT a cause of Leukopenia?
Which of the following is NOT a cause of Leukopenia?
- Smoking (correct)
- Bone marrow disorders
- Cancer
- Autoimmune diseases
What is the main difference between Reactive Thrombocytosis and Essential Thrombocythemia?
What is the main difference between Reactive Thrombocytosis and Essential Thrombocythemia?
- One is more common in men, the other in women
- One is acute, the other chronic
- One is caused by medical problems, the other by genetic changes (correct)
- One causes bleeding, the other clotting
Which of the following is a cause of Neutrophilia?
Which of the following is a cause of Neutrophilia?
What is a common cause of Thrombocytosis?
What is a common cause of Thrombocytosis?
Which of the following is a cause of Leukocytosis?
Which of the following is a cause of Leukocytosis?
What is a common cause of Neutropenia?
What is a common cause of Neutropenia?
What is the main difference between Leukocytosis and Leukopenia?
What is the main difference between Leukocytosis and Leukopenia?
What is a common cause of lymphocytosis in children?
What is a common cause of lymphocytosis in children?
What is a common cause of monocytosis?
What is a common cause of monocytosis?
What is a common cause of eosinophilia?
What is a common cause of eosinophilia?
What is a common cause of lymphocytopenia?
What is a common cause of lymphocytopenia?
What is a common cause of basophilia?
What is a common cause of basophilia?
What is a common cause of splenomegaly?
What is a common cause of splenomegaly?
What is the classification of anemia based on a hemoglobin value of 9.0 g/dL?
What is the classification of anemia based on a hemoglobin value of 9.0 g/dL?
What is the most common cause of microcytic anemia?
What is the most common cause of microcytic anemia?
What is the classification of anemia based on an MCV value?
What is the classification of anemia based on an MCV value?
What is the most common cause of the acquired form of normocytic anemia?
What is the most common cause of the acquired form of normocytic anemia?
What is the classification of anemia based on an MCH value?
What is the classification of anemia based on an MCH value?
What is the hemoglobin value range for mild anemia?
What is the hemoglobin value range for mild anemia?
What is the common cause of anemia that can be caused by inadequate iron intake or inability to absorb iron?
What is the common cause of anemia that can be caused by inadequate iron intake or inability to absorb iron?
What is the classification of anemia based on hemoglobin value of 7.0 g/dL?
What is the classification of anemia based on hemoglobin value of 7.0 g/dL?
What is the common cause of anemia in women due to chronic blood loss?
What is the common cause of anemia in women due to chronic blood loss?
What is the type of anemia caused by an inherited abnormality?
What is the type of anemia caused by an inherited abnormality?
What is the cause of megaloblastic anemia?
What is the cause of megaloblastic anemia?
What is the term for an increase in the number of red blood cells?
What is the term for an increase in the number of red blood cells?
What is a common cause of Erythrocytopenia?
What is a common cause of Erythrocytopenia?
What is the term for an increase in the number of white blood cells?
What is the term for an increase in the number of white blood cells?
What is the term for a decrease in the number of platelets?
What is the term for a decrease in the number of platelets?
What is the cause of non-megaloblastic macrocytic anemia?
What is the cause of non-megaloblastic macrocytic anemia?
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Study Notes
Blood Sampling (Phlebotomy)
- Types of blood sampling tubes: plain serum tube, ESR tubes
- Heel blood sampling
Complete Blood Count (CBC)
- Blood indices:
- Depend on hemoglobin value: mild (10.0 g/dL to lower limit of normal), moderate (8.0 to 10.0 g/dL), severe (6.5 to 7.9 g/dL), life-threatening (less than 6.5 g/dL)
- Depend on MCV value: normocytic, microcytic, macrocytic
- Depend on MCH value: normochromic, hypochromic, hyperchromic
Types and Common Causes of Anemia
- Normochromic normocytic anemia: chronic diseases (kidney disease, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, thyroiditis)
- Hypochromic microcytic anemia: iron deficiency anemia, thalassemia
- Normochromic or hypochromic macrocytic anemia: megaloblastic (vitamin B-12 deficiency or folate deficiency), non-megaloblastic (chronic alcohol use disorder, liver disease, hypothyroidism)
Important Terms
- RBCs: erythrocytes, erythrocytopenia, erythrocytosis (polycythemia)
- WBCs: leucocytes, leukocytosis, leukocytopenia, neutrophilia, neutropenia, eosinophilia, eosinopenia
- Platelets: thrombocytes, thrombocytosis, thrombocytopenia
Causes of Erythrocytosis
- Smoking
- Drinking too much alcohol
- Certain medicines
- Chronic heart, lung, kidney, or liver disease
Causes of Erythrocytopenia
- Vitamin or mineral deficiency
- Low iron levels
- Major organ problems
- Red blood cells destroyed by the body
- Loss of RBCs in hemorrhage
Causes of Leukocytosis
- Excessive physical or emotional stress
- Burns
- Immune system disorders
- Smoking
- Obesity
- Thyroid problems
- Dental caries
- Certain medicines
- Allergies
- Splenectomy
Causes of Leukocytopenia
- Bone marrow disorders
- Autoimmune diseases
- Infections
- HIV
- Medications
Causes of Thrombocytosis
- Reactive thrombocytosis: blood loss, cancer, infections, iron deficiency
- Essential thrombocythemia: genetic changes, increased platelet production
Causes of Neutrophilia
- Acute bacterial infections
- Tissue damage
- Acute myocardial infarction
- Acute hemorrhage
- Malignant diseases
Causes of Neutropenia
- Viral infections
- Bacterial infections
- Splenomegaly
- Megaloblastic anemia
- Bone marrow failure
Causes of Lymphocytosis
- Viral infections
- Bacterial infections
- Infectious mononucleosis
- Cytomegalovirus infection
- Lymphocytic leukemia, lymphomas
Causes of Lymphocytopenia
- HIV/AIDS
- Severe bone marrow failure
- Covid-19 infection
Causes of Monocytosis
- Chronic bacterial infections
- Tuberculosis
- Bacterial endocarditis
Causes of Eosinophilia
- Helminth infections
- Allergic conditions
- Skin diseases
Causes of Basophilia
- Allergic reactions
- Chronic inflammation
- Malignancies
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