Molecular Biology: Transcription and mRNA Synthesis

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Questions and Answers

What determines where transcription begins and ends in a DNA molecule?

  • RNA polymerase
  • Amino acid sequence
  • mRNA molecule
  • Specific sequences of nucleotides along DNA (correct)

Which type of RNA polymerase is responsible for synthesizing all RNA molecules in bacteria?

  • RNA polymerase III
  • RNA polymerase I
  • RNA polymerase II
  • One type of RNA polymerase (correct)

What is the role of the promoter sequence in transcription?

  • To determine the amino acid sequence
  • To separate the DNA strands
  • To determine which strand of the DNA helix is the template (correct)
  • To signals the end of transcription

What is the function of RNA polymerase in transcription?

<p>To separate the DNA strands and join RNA nucleotides (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the sequence of amino acids coded by the mRNA molecule transcribed from the DNA portion 5'-TAC TAA GTA ACA TCG CCC 5'?

<p>Met - Ile - His - Cys - Ser - Gly (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a transcription unit?

<p>A region of DNA that is transcribed into a single mRNA molecule (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In prokaryotes, what is the relationship between transcription and translation?

<p>Transcription and translation occur simultaneously. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a codon in mRNA?

<p>To specify one of the 20 amino acids. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the number of nucleotides in mRNA and the number of amino acids in a protein?

<p>The number of nucleotides is three times the number of amino acids. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of RNA processing in eukaryotes?

<p>To convert pre-mRNA to mRNA. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of stop codons in mRNA?

<p>To signal the end of translation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many codons specify amino acids?

<p>61 codons. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the TATA box in eukaryotic genes?

<p>To mediate the binding of RNA polymerase II to the promoter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the stretch of DNA that is transcribed into an mRNA molecule called?

<p>Transcription unit (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In eukaryotes, what recognizes and binds directly to the promoter region?

<p>Transcription factors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During elongation, how many bases are untwisted by RNA polymerase at a time?

<p>10 to 20 bases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of RNA synthesis during transcription?

<p>′ to ′ (C), ′ to ′ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What signals the termination of transcription?

<p>The transcription of a specific sequence in the DNA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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