Molecular Biology Quiz

What is the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology?

The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology is the fundamental direction of genetic information flow during gene expression, which states that "DNA makes RNA makes Proteins".

What is the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology and who proposed it?

The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology is the fundamental direction of genetic information flow during gene expression, which is "DNA makes RNA makes Proteins". It was proposed by Francis Crick.

What is the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology?

The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology is the fundamental direction of genetic information flow during gene expression, which is “DNA makes RNA makes Proteins”.

What are the four letters that make up DNA's alphabet?

The four letters that make up DNA's alphabet are A, C, G, and T. Signup and view all the answers

What are the four letters that make up DNA's alphabet?

The four letters that make up DNA's alphabet are A, C, G, and T. Signup and view all the answers

What is the alphabet of DNA, and how does it define a molecule's partners?

The alphabet of DNA consists of four letters - A, C, G, and T. A molecule's partners are defined by its shape, which leads to the characteristic double helix structure. Signup and view all the answers

What is transcription?

Transcription is the process of making a copy of one strand of double-stranded DNA into a single-stranded molecule of RNA. Signup and view all the answers

What is transcription?

Transcription is the act of making a copy of one strand of double-stranded DNA into a single-stranded molecule of RNA. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between RNA and DNA in terms of their structures?

DNA is double-stranded, while RNA is single-stranded. RNA and DNA also differ in having a hydroxyl group (OH) at position 2'. Signup and view all the answers

What is a gene?

A gene is a discrete region of DNA that is copied (transcribed) into RNA, and it is also called a transcriptional unit. Signup and view all the answers

What is transcription, and what is the name of the protein complex that carries it out?

Transcription is the act of making a copy of one strand of double-stranded DNA into a single-stranded molecule of RNA. The protein complex that carries it out is called RNA polymerase. Signup and view all the answers

What is a codon?

A codon is a group of three bases coding for an amino acid. Signup and view all the answers

What are promoters, and how do they define where a gene is expressed?

Promoters are DNA sequences in or near the gene that define where the gene is expressed in that tissue or cell type. Signup and view all the answers

What is translation?

Translation is the process of decoding the messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence into a polypeptide chain. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of RNA polymerase in transcription?

RNA polymerase is a large protein complex that binds to a specific DNA sequence, in front of the gene, and carries out transcription. Signup and view all the answers

What is the genetic code?

The genetic code is nature's translation dictionary, and it consists of groups of three bases coding for an amino acid, which are called codons. Signup and view all the answers

What is a gene, and what is another name for it?

A gene is a discrete region of DNA that is copied (transcribed) into RNA. Another name for it is a transcriptional unit. Signup and view all the answers

What is RNA polymerase?

RNA polymerase is a large protein complex that binds to a specific DNA sequence, in front of the gene, and carries out transcription. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

DNA is double-stranded, and RNA is single-stranded. RNA has a hydroxyl group (OH) at position 2', while DNA does not. Signup and view all the answers

What is the genetic code, and what is each group of three bases coding for an amino acid called?

The genetic code is nature's translation dictionary. Each group of three bases coding for an amino acid is called a codon. Signup and view all the answers

What is translation?

Translation is the process by which messenger RNA is decoded by ribosomes to produce a specific amino acid sequence. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of promoters?

Promoters are DNA sequences in or near the gene that define where (in that tissue or cell type) the gene is expressed, and they play a role in initiating transcription. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

DNA is double-stranded, while RNA is single-stranded, and RNA has a hydroxyl group (OH) at position 2' while DNA does not. Signup and view all the answers

What is translation, and what is the name of the molecule that leaves the nucleus during it?

Translation is the process of synthesizing a protein from the information encoded in messenger RNA. The molecule that leaves the nucleus during translation is messenger RNA. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation?

Prokaryotic translation occurs simultaneously with transcription, while eukaryotic translation occurs after transcription and mRNA processing. Signup and view all the answers

How many nucleotides are used to code for one amino acid, and how many combinations would two nucleotides produce?

Three nucleotides (triplet codon) code for one amino acid. Two nucleotides would produce 16 possible combinations. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of promoters in gene expression?

Promoters are DNA sequences in or near the gene that define where (in that tissue or cell type) the gene is expressed. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of complementary base pairing in genetic material?

Complementary base pairing facilitates transfers between DNA and RNA. Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the virus discussed in the article, and what type of RNA does it have?

The virus discussed in the article is the influenza virus, and it is a negative-sense RNA virus. Signup and view all the answers

What is the genetic code?

The genetic code is nature’s translation dictionary, where each group of three bases coding for an amino acid is called a codon. Signup and view all the answers

What is Prion-like propagation, and in what disease is it discussed in the article?

Prion-like propagation is a process in which misfolded proteins can induce other proteins to misfold and aggregate. It is discussed in the article in the context of dementia with Lewy body diseases. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the codons in the genetic code?

The codons in the genetic code specify the amino acid sequence of a protein. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three stages of transcription?

The three stages of transcription are protein-DNA interaction, RNA-ssDNA interaction, and RNA-RNA folding. Signup and view all the answers

What is the common feature of life discussed in the article?

The common feature of life discussed in the article is the existence of specialized machinery to transmit sequential information. Signup and view all the answers

What is the common feature of life discussed in the article, and what is the evolved feature of life on this planet?

The common feature of life discussed in the article is the existence of specialized machinery to transmit sequential information. The evolved feature of life on this planet is the genetic code. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Central Dogma's view on information flow?

According to the Central Dogma, once information has entered a protein, it cannot get out again, and sequential information tends to remain in proteins while nucleic acids are inherited. Signup and view all the answers