Podcast
Questions and Answers
What type of DNA amplification involves amplifying a region of DNA on either side of a known segment?
What type of DNA amplification involves amplifying a region of DNA on either side of a known segment?
- RT-PCR
- PCR
- Real-time PCR
- Inverse PCR (correct)
How many types of point mutations are able to alter the genetic code?
How many types of point mutations are able to alter the genetic code?
- 3 (correct)
- 2
- 1
- 4
What is the first amino acid to be incorporated in the eukaryotic polypeptide?
What is the first amino acid to be incorporated in the eukaryotic polypeptide?
- Valine
- N-acyl valine
- N-formyl methionine
- Methionine (correct)
Which of the following is not a function of genetic material?
Which of the following is not a function of genetic material?
If the template strand of a segment of a gene has the nucleotide sequence 3'-GCATAGC-5', what nucleotide sequence will be present in the RNA transcript specified by this gene segment?
If the template strand of a segment of a gene has the nucleotide sequence 3'-GCATAGC-5', what nucleotide sequence will be present in the RNA transcript specified by this gene segment?
Which of the following ensures stable binding of RNA polymerase at the promoter site?
Which of the following ensures stable binding of RNA polymerase at the promoter site?
What might happen if you changed one nucleotide in a codon?
What might happen if you changed one nucleotide in a codon?
What is the job of tRNA during translation?
What is the job of tRNA during translation?
What is the direction of DNA synthesis during replication?
What is the direction of DNA synthesis during replication?
Which enzyme is responsible for forming complementary DNA (cDNA) from mRNA?
Which enzyme is responsible for forming complementary DNA (cDNA) from mRNA?
Which amino acid is capable of forming disulfide bonds in a protein molecule?
Which amino acid is capable of forming disulfide bonds in a protein molecule?
What is the term for the point at which an amino acid has an equal number of positive and negative charges?
What is the term for the point at which an amino acid has an equal number of positive and negative charges?
What is the term for the process of identifying a specific DNA molecule?
What is the term for the process of identifying a specific DNA molecule?
What is the mode of replication in E. coli?
What is the mode of replication in E. coli?
What is the term for the process of modifying pre-mRNA to form mature RNA?
What is the term for the process of modifying pre-mRNA to form mature RNA?
What is the term for a DNA molecule that carries a foreign gene or DNA fragment?
What is the term for a DNA molecule that carries a foreign gene or DNA fragment?
What is the region of DNA where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription?
What is the region of DNA where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription?
How many DNA duplexes are obtained from one DNA duplex after 4 cycles of PCR?
How many DNA duplexes are obtained from one DNA duplex after 4 cycles of PCR?
What is a probe in hybridization of DNA?
What is a probe in hybridization of DNA?
What is the composition of a spliceosome?
What is the composition of a spliceosome?
Which of the following is not part of the RNA polymerase core enzyme?
Which of the following is not part of the RNA polymerase core enzyme?
How is the genetic material expressed?
How is the genetic material expressed?
During protein synthesis, an anticodon on transfer RNA (tRNA) pairs with:
During protein synthesis, an anticodon on transfer RNA (tRNA) pairs with:
What is the name of the segments of eukaryotic mRNA that are translated into protein?
What is the name of the segments of eukaryotic mRNA that are translated into protein?
What is the primary function of RT-PCR?
What is the primary function of RT-PCR?
What is the primary function of agarose gels in molecular biology?
What is the primary function of agarose gels in molecular biology?
What type of bonds hold the two polynucleotide strands together in their helical configuration?
What type of bonds hold the two polynucleotide strands together in their helical configuration?
What is the primary function of transfer RNAs (tRNAs)?
What is the primary function of transfer RNAs (tRNAs)?
What is the primary function of DNA ligase?
What is the primary function of DNA ligase?
What is the primary component of chromosomes?
What is the primary component of chromosomes?
What is the relationship between the RNA molecule produced by transcription and the DNA template strand?
What is the relationship between the RNA molecule produced by transcription and the DNA template strand?
Where is the genetic information stored in genes transferred to for protein synthesis?
Where is the genetic information stored in genes transferred to for protein synthesis?
What is the role of the sigma factor in bacterial RNA polymerase?
What is the role of the sigma factor in bacterial RNA polymerase?
What is the first RNA processing event?
What is the first RNA processing event?
What is the role of eukaryotic RNA polymerase I?
What is the role of eukaryotic RNA polymerase I?
What serves as the first primer in Reverse Transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) for eukaryotic RNA?
What serves as the first primer in Reverse Transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) for eukaryotic RNA?
What is a group of linked genes whose expression is coordinately regulated?
What is a group of linked genes whose expression is coordinately regulated?
What is not a type of RNA processing?
What is not a type of RNA processing?
What is the type of oligonucleotide used as a primer for the process of polymerase chain reaction?
What is the type of oligonucleotide used as a primer for the process of polymerase chain reaction?
Which of the following statements regarding splicing of eukaryotic mRNA transcripts is correct?
Which of the following statements regarding splicing of eukaryotic mRNA transcripts is correct?
What type of RNA molecules function as adaptors between amino acids and codons?
What type of RNA molecules function as adaptors between amino acids and codons?
What is the primary function of DNA ligase?
What is the primary function of DNA ligase?
What is the relationship between the RNA molecule produced by transcription and the DNA template strand?
What is the relationship between the RNA molecule produced by transcription and the DNA template strand?
Where is the genetic information stored in genes transferred to for protein synthesis?
Where is the genetic information stored in genes transferred to for protein synthesis?
What type of bonds hold the two polynucleotide strands together in their helical configuration?
What type of bonds hold the two polynucleotide strands together in their helical configuration?
What is the primary function of RT-PCR?
What is the primary function of RT-PCR?
What type of gels are better sieves for large molecular weight nucleic acids?
What type of gels are better sieves for large molecular weight nucleic acids?
Who showed that 'Markmalen' (now genes) transmitted genetic information?
Who showed that 'Markmalen' (now genes) transmitted genetic information?
Which type of RNA molecules are translated on ribosomes?
Which type of RNA molecules are translated on ribosomes?
What is the function of telomeres in DNA?
What is the function of telomeres in DNA?
During RT-PCR, which enzyme is responsible for the degradation of mRNA?
During RT-PCR, which enzyme is responsible for the degradation of mRNA?
What is the direction of DNA synthesis during replication?
What is the direction of DNA synthesis during replication?
What is the direction of DNA synthesis during replication?
What is the direction of DNA synthesis during replication?
Which of the following is a characteristic of cosmids?
Which of the following is a characteristic of cosmids?
What is the process of modifying pre-mRNA to form mature RNA called?
What is the process of modifying pre-mRNA to form mature RNA called?
What is the enzyme responsible for forming complementary DNA (cDNA) from mRNA?
What is the enzyme responsible for forming complementary DNA (cDNA) from mRNA?
What is the term for the process of identifying a specific DNA molecule?
What is the term for the process of identifying a specific DNA molecule?
What is the term for the point at which an amino acid has an equal number of positive and negative charges?
What is the term for the point at which an amino acid has an equal number of positive and negative charges?
What is the primary function of DNA ligase?
What is the primary function of DNA ligase?
What is the term for the process of modifying pre-mRNA to form mature RNA?
What is the term for the process of modifying pre-mRNA to form mature RNA?
What is Southern hybridization used to identify?
What is Southern hybridization used to identify?
What is the term for the process of identifying a specific DNA molecule?
What is the term for the process of identifying a specific DNA molecule?
What is the mode of replication in E. coli?
What is the mode of replication in E. coli?
What is a vector used for in molecular biology?
What is a vector used for in molecular biology?
What is the region of DNA where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription?
What is the region of DNA where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription?
What is the composition of a spliceosome?
What is the composition of a spliceosome?
How is the genetic material expressed?
How is the genetic material expressed?
During replication, separation of DNA strands requires:
During replication, separation of DNA strands requires:
In the Sanger method, synthesis of DNA continues until a:
In the Sanger method, synthesis of DNA continues until a:
What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
During protein synthesis, an anticodon on transfer RNA (tRNA) pairs with:
During protein synthesis, an anticodon on transfer RNA (tRNA) pairs with:
What are the segments of eukaryotic mRNA that are translated into protein called?
What are the segments of eukaryotic mRNA that are translated into protein called?
What is the primary function of Northern blot?
What is the primary function of Northern blot?
What is the correct sequence of RNA transcript from the template strand of a gene with the nucleotide sequence 3'-GCATAGC-5'?
What is the correct sequence of RNA transcript from the template strand of a gene with the nucleotide sequence 3'-GCATAGC-5'?
Which of the following statements is incorrect about RNA polymerases?
Which of the following statements is incorrect about RNA polymerases?
What is the function of histones in chromatin?
What is the function of histones in chromatin?
What is the primary function of DNA polymerases?
What is the primary function of DNA polymerases?
What is the correct statement about Southern blot?
What is the correct statement about Southern blot?
What is the function of spliceosomes?
What is the function of spliceosomes?
What is the relationship between the RNA molecule produced by transcription and the DNA template strand?
What is the relationship between the RNA molecule produced by transcription and the DNA template strand?
Flashcards
Promoter
Promoter
A DNA sequence upstream from a gene where RNA polymerase binds to start transcription.
DNA's Role in RNA Production
DNA's Role in RNA Production
DNA serves as the template for RNA production.
PCR Amplification
PCR Amplification
After 4 cycles of PCR, you'll obtain 16 DNA duplexes from one.
DNA Strand Separation
DNA Strand Separation
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Semi-Conservative Replication
Semi-Conservative Replication
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Transcription and Translation
Transcription and Translation
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Transcription
Transcription
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RNA Polymerase
RNA Polymerase
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Sigma Factor
Sigma Factor
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RNA Processing
RNA Processing
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Codon
Codon
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Exons
Exons
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Anticodon
Anticodon
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tRNA Function
tRNA Function
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RNA Processing Steps
RNA Processing Steps
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Capping
Capping
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RNA Splicing Location
RNA Splicing Location
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Transcription Product
Transcription Product
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Operon
Operon
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Operator
Operator
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Southern Hybridization
Southern Hybridization
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Northern Hybridization
Northern Hybridization
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Vector
Vector
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DNA Ligase
DNA Ligase
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tRNA Function
tRNA Function
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Chromosome Composition
Chromosome Composition
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Taq Polymerase
Taq Polymerase
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Primers
Primers
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Template DNA
Template DNA
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Reverse Transcriptase
Reverse Transcriptase
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Study Notes
DNA Structure and Function
- DNA sequence(s) lying upstream from a gene, to which RNA polymerase binds, is called a promoter.
- The central dogma of molecular biology states that DNA is a template for all RNA production.
PCR and DNA Replication
- After 4 cycles of PCR, 16 DNA duplexes are obtained from one DNA duplex.
- During replication, separation of DNA strands requires the unzipping of hydrogen bonds.
- The mode of replication in E. coli is semi-conservative.
Transcription
- The genetic material is expressed through transcription and translation.
- Transcription of a gene results in the production of mRNA.
- RNA polymerase is the enzyme responsible for transcription.
- Sigma factor ensures stable binding of RNA polymerase at the promoter site.
- The process of modification of pre-mRNA is known as RNA processing.
Translation
- Each group of 3 consecutive mRNA bases is a codon that specifies one amino acid or a stop codon.
- The segments of eukaryotic mRNA that are translated into protein are called exons.
- During protein synthesis, an anticodon on transfer RNA (tRNA) pairs with mRNA nucleotide bases.
- The job of tRNA during translation is to bring the correct amino acid to the ribosome during protein synthesis.
RNA Processing
- RNA processing includes capping, splicing, and editing.
- The first RNA processing event is capping.
- Splicing takes place in the nucleus, and small nuclear RNAs are involved in the process.
- The RNA molecule produced by transcription will be complementary and antiparallel to the DNA template strand.
Gene Regulation
- A group of linked genes whose expression is coordinately regulated is called an operon.
- The operator is the DNA sequence to which the repressor binds to prevent transcription.
Molecular Biology Techniques
- Southern hybridization is used to identify a specific DNA.
- Northern hybridization is used to identify a specific RNA.
- A vector is used to carry foreign genes or DNA fragments.
- The enzyme that joins the two DNAs covalently is DNA ligase.
- Agarose gels are better sieves for large DNA molecules.
RNA and Protein Synthesis
- The small RNA molecules that function as adaptors between amino acids and the codons are called transfer RNAs.
- Chromosomes are composed of proteins and nucleic acids.
- The genetic information stored in the sequences of nucleotide pairs in genes must be transferred to the sites of protein synthesis in the ribosomes.
Molecular Biology
- Taq polymerase is an enzyme used in PCR.
- Primers are oligonucleotides used in PCR.
- Template DNA is double-stranded.
DNA Replication
- Synthesis occurs in the 5' to 3' direction.
- E. coli has a semi-conservative mode of replication.
cDNA Synthesis
- Reverse transcriptase is the enzyme used to form cDNA from mRNA.
Amino Acids
- Cysteine is an amino acid that can produce disulfide bonds in protein molecules.
- Glycine is an amino acid that has an alpha-carbon with 2 hydrogen substituents and is optically inactive.
Southern Hybridization
- Southern hybridization is used to identify a specific DNA.
Enzymes
- Enzymes differ from proteins in that they have an active site.
- Reverse transcriptase is an enzyme used to form cDNA from mRNA.
Genetics
- Linked genes are those located on the same loci on the same chromosome.
- E. coli has multiple replication origins.
RNA Processing
- RNA processing is the modification of pre-mRNA.
- Spliceosomes are composed of RNA and protein.
PCR
- Each cycle of PCR doubles the number of DNA duplexes.
- A probe is a single-stranded DNA used in hybridization.
RNA Polymerase
- RNA polymerase has a core enzyme that lacks σ.
- The Sanger method is used for DNA sequencing.
Transcription
- The central dogma of molecular biology states that DNA is a template for RNA production.
- Transcription of a gene results in the production of mRNA.
Translation
- During protein synthesis, an anticodon on tRNA pairs with mRNA nucleotide bases.
- The RNA molecule produced by transcription is complementary and antiparallel to the DNA template strand.
Real-Time PCR
- Real-time PCR keeps track of the progress of PCR by monitoring the degradation of a reporter probe.
Telomeres
- Telomeres prevent the loss of DNA material and prevent fusion of the ends with other DNA.
Cloning
- Cosmids are vectors that can carry large DNA fragments and behave both as plasmids and as phages.
Nucleotides
- Nucleotides are composed of a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, and a nitrogen base.
Other
- The lagging strand is discontinuous.
- B-DNA is a right-handed, negative supercoil.
- Inclusion bodies are highly insoluble, inactive granules formed by improperly folded products of cloned genes.
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Description
This quiz covers DNA structure and function, PCR and DNA replication, and transcription. Test your knowledge of molecular biology concepts and processes.
