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Questions and Answers
What do both sugars have in common?
What do both sugars have in common?
- Six-membered rings
- Eight-membered rings
- Five-membered rings (correct)
- Seven-membered rings
How many carbon atoms make up the ring structure?
How many carbon atoms make up the ring structure?
- Six carbon atoms
- Five carbon atoms
- Four carbon atoms (correct)
- Three carbon atoms
What is attached to the ring structure?
What is attached to the ring structure?
- A hydrogen bond
- A phosphate group
- A side chain (correct)
- A methyl group
What is the fifth carbon atom part of?
What is the fifth carbon atom part of?
What element is part of the ring structure?
What element is part of the ring structure?
What forms the backbone of each strand of DNA or RNA?
What forms the backbone of each strand of DNA or RNA?
What is the main component of the backbone of DNA or RNA?
What is the main component of the backbone of DNA or RNA?
What is the function of the phosphate groups in DNA or RNA?
What is the function of the phosphate groups in DNA or RNA?
What is the result of the combination of phosphate groups and sugars in DNA or RNA?
What is the result of the combination of phosphate groups and sugars in DNA or RNA?
What are the two components of the backbone of DNA or RNA?
What are the two components of the backbone of DNA or RNA?
Where did James Watson and Francis Crick work while developing their model of the double helix?
Where did James Watson and Francis Crick work while developing their model of the double helix?
What technique provided data that supported the double helix model?
What technique provided data that supported the double helix model?
Who contributed to the development of the double helix model by interpreting X-ray crystallography data?
Who contributed to the development of the double helix model by interpreting X-ray crystallography data?
What is the shape of the molecule described by the double helix model?
What is the shape of the molecule described by the double helix model?
What is the title of this chapter in which the double helix model is discussed?
What is the title of this chapter in which the double helix model is discussed?
What is the primary function of nucleic acid molecules?
What is the primary function of nucleic acid molecules?
What is the chemical structure of nucleic acids composed of?
What is the chemical structure of nucleic acids composed of?
How many bases do DNA and RNA each have?
How many bases do DNA and RNA each have?
What is the function of nucleosides?
What is the function of nucleosides?
What is the structure of double-stranded DNA?
What is the structure of double-stranded DNA?
What holds base pairs together in DNA?
What holds base pairs together in DNA?
What is the central dogma?
What is the central dogma?
What is the function of ribosomes?
What is the function of ribosomes?
What determines the amino acid sequence of proteins?
What determines the amino acid sequence of proteins?
What is the organization of protein structure?
What is the organization of protein structure?
What does the letter N often refer to in the context of nucleic acids?
What does the letter N often refer to in the context of nucleic acids?
What is the structure of double-stranded DNA?
What is the structure of double-stranded DNA?
How can a strand of nucleic acid be represented?
How can a strand of nucleic acid be represented?
What is the importance of the DNA double helix structure?
What is the importance of the DNA double helix structure?
What bases are found in RNA?
What bases are found in RNA?
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Study Notes
DNA, RNA, and Protein
- Nucleic acid molecules carry genetic information
- DNA and RNA each have four bases: A, C, G, and T (DNA), and A, C, G, and U (RNA)
- Nucleosides are bases plus sugars; nucleotides are nucleosides plus phosphate
- Double-stranded DNA forms a double helix, with base pairs held together by hydrogen bonds
- Complementary strands reveal the secret of heredity
- Constituents of chromosomes include nucleic acid molecules and proteins
Structure of DNA and RNA
- Phosphate groups and sugars form the backbone of each strand of DNA or RNA
- Sugars have five-membered rings consisting of four carbon atoms and an oxygen
- The fifth carbon forms a side chain to the ring
Discovery of DNA Structure
- James Watson and Francis Crick based their model of the double helix on X-ray crystallography data from Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins
- Their model suggested a helical molecule
Genetic Code
- The genetic code dictates the amino acid sequence of proteins
- Various classes of RNA have different functions
- Proteins, made of amino acids, carry out many cell functions
Protein Structure
- The structure of proteins has four levels of organization
- Proteins vary in their biological roles
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