30 Questions
What do both sugars have in common?
Five-membered rings
How many carbon atoms make up the ring structure?
Four carbon atoms
What is attached to the ring structure?
A side chain
What is the fifth carbon atom part of?
A side chain
What element is part of the ring structure?
Oxygen
What forms the backbone of each strand of DNA or RNA?
The phosphate groups and the sugars
What is the main component of the backbone of DNA or RNA?
Phosphate groups
What is the function of the phosphate groups in DNA or RNA?
To form the backbone of the molecule
What is the result of the combination of phosphate groups and sugars in DNA or RNA?
A backbone structure
What are the two components of the backbone of DNA or RNA?
Phosphate groups and sugars
Where did James Watson and Francis Crick work while developing their model of the double helix?
Cambridge, England
What technique provided data that supported the double helix model?
X-ray diffraction
Who contributed to the development of the double helix model by interpreting X-ray crystallography data?
Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins
What is the shape of the molecule described by the double helix model?
Helical
What is the title of this chapter in which the double helix model is discussed?
Chapter Three
What is the primary function of nucleic acid molecules?
To carry genetic information
What is the chemical structure of nucleic acids composed of?
Sugars and phosphates
How many bases do DNA and RNA each have?
Four
What is the function of nucleosides?
To form nucleotides
What is the structure of double-stranded DNA?
A double helix
What holds base pairs together in DNA?
Hydrogen bonds
What is the central dogma?
The flow of genetic information
What is the function of ribosomes?
To translate genetic code
What determines the amino acid sequence of proteins?
The genetic code
What is the organization of protein structure?
Four levels
What does the letter N often refer to in the context of nucleic acids?
An unspecified base
What is the structure of double-stranded DNA?
A double helix
How can a strand of nucleic acid be represented?
Either in full or abbreviated form
What is the importance of the DNA double helix structure?
It is critical to replication of the genes
What bases are found in RNA?
C, G, U, and A
Study Notes
DNA, RNA, and Protein
- Nucleic acid molecules carry genetic information
- DNA and RNA each have four bases: A, C, G, and T (DNA), and A, C, G, and U (RNA)
- Nucleosides are bases plus sugars; nucleotides are nucleosides plus phosphate
- Double-stranded DNA forms a double helix, with base pairs held together by hydrogen bonds
- Complementary strands reveal the secret of heredity
- Constituents of chromosomes include nucleic acid molecules and proteins
Structure of DNA and RNA
- Phosphate groups and sugars form the backbone of each strand of DNA or RNA
- Sugars have five-membered rings consisting of four carbon atoms and an oxygen
- The fifth carbon forms a side chain to the ring
Discovery of DNA Structure
- James Watson and Francis Crick based their model of the double helix on X-ray crystallography data from Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins
- Their model suggested a helical molecule
Genetic Code
- The genetic code dictates the amino acid sequence of proteins
- Various classes of RNA have different functions
- Proteins, made of amino acids, carry out many cell functions
Protein Structure
- The structure of proteins has four levels of organization
- Proteins vary in their biological roles
This quiz covers concepts in molecular biology, including molecular structures, genetic information, and biological processes. Tested your knowledge of molecular biology and its applications.
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