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Questions and Answers
In biology the central dogma refers to:
In biology the central dogma refers to:
- RNA to protein to DNA.
- protein to DNA to RNA.
- DNA to RNA to protein. (correct)
- RNA to DNA to protein.
There are four basic molecular processes in a cell, three of which lead to the production of protein. Which of the following shows the correct order?
There are four basic molecular processes in a cell, three of which lead to the production of protein. Which of the following shows the correct order?
- translation, RNA processing, transcription
- transcription, RNA processing, translation (correct)
- RNA processing, translation, transcription
- transcription, translation, RNA processing
Nucleotide bases within a single strand of DNA are held together by which of the following bonds?
Nucleotide bases within a single strand of DNA are held together by which of the following bonds?
- polynucleotide
- phosphodiester (correct)
- phosphoester
- pentose-phosphate
In DNA, which of the following base pairing normally occurs between two strands of DNA?
In DNA, which of the following base pairing normally occurs between two strands of DNA?
In the laboratory, which of the following two factors are most useful in manipulating DNA?
In the laboratory, which of the following two factors are most useful in manipulating DNA?
To study the melting temperature ($T_m$) of your DNA, you have plotted the absorbance of UV light at 260 nm against temperature and have come up with the the following graph. Based on the evidence, the $T_m$ of your double-stranded DNA is approximately:
To study the melting temperature ($T_m$) of your DNA, you have plotted the absorbance of UV light at 260 nm against temperature and have come up with the the following graph. Based on the evidence, the $T_m$ of your double-stranded DNA is approximately:
Which of the following is not a constituent of deoxyribonucleotides?
Which of the following is not a constituent of deoxyribonucleotides?
Which base pair(s) typically occur(s) in double-stranded DNA?
Which base pair(s) typically occur(s) in double-stranded DNA?
When the circular double-stranded DNA of certain viruses is underwound, the DNA can twist back on itself and form:
When the circular double-stranded DNA of certain viruses is underwound, the DNA can twist back on itself and form:
The ability of DNA to denature is important for which process?
The ability of DNA to denature is important for which process?
The most common arrangement of protein-coding genes in bacteria are those where the genes encoding proteins that work together are arranged in a contiguous array of DNA called:
The most common arrangement of protein-coding genes in bacteria are those where the genes encoding proteins that work together are arranged in a contiguous array of DNA called:
Which of the following are removed from mRNAs during processing?
Which of the following are removed from mRNAs during processing?
The base in the wobble position of a codon
a. is the 5′ (first) base.
b. is the 3' (third) base.
c. is the second base.
d. often contains adenine.
The base in the wobble position of a codon a. is the 5′ (first) base. b. is the 3' (third) base. c. is the second base. d. often contains adenine.
Approximately what percent of all human genes are expressed as alternatively spliced mRNAs?
Approximately what percent of all human genes are expressed as alternatively spliced mRNAs?
The genetic code is said to be "degenerate" because:
The genetic code is said to be "degenerate" because:
In eukaryotic cells, protein synthesis in the cytoplasm utilizes three types of RNA molecules. Which of the following contains a three nucleotide sequence called the anticodon?
In eukaryotic cells, protein synthesis in the cytoplasm utilizes three types of RNA molecules. Which of the following contains a three nucleotide sequence called the anticodon?
In humans, the ribosome responsible for translating proteins consists of which of following two subunits?
In humans, the ribosome responsible for translating proteins consists of which of following two subunits?
Which of the following techniques would you need to use in order to determine the size of the large and small ribosomal subunits in E. coli?
Which of the following techniques would you need to use in order to determine the size of the large and small ribosomal subunits in E. coli?
The first stage of protein translation occurs when Met-tRNA base pairs with the mRNA being translated in the ribosomal:
The first stage of protein translation occurs when Met-tRNA base pairs with the mRNA being translated in the ribosomal:
Which of the following is seen when a single mRNA is simultaneously translated to form multiple copies of a polypeptide chain?
Which of the following is seen when a single mRNA is simultaneously translated to form multiple copies of a polypeptide chain?
You are studying polysomes and want to see if their numbers are actually increased in cells translating protein from an expressed retroviral oncogene. Which of the following methods are used to visualize these structures?
You are studying polysomes and want to see if their numbers are actually increased in cells translating protein from an expressed retroviral oncogene. Which of the following methods are used to visualize these structures?
Which of the following is not a recognized stage of protein synthesis in either prokaryotes or eukaryotes?
Which of the following is not a recognized stage of protein synthesis in either prokaryotes or eukaryotes?
Which of the following factors recognizes the UAG, UAA, and UGA codons?
Which of the following factors recognizes the UAG, UAA, and UGA codons?
Which codon serves as the start codon in mRNA for translation?
Which codon serves as the start codon in mRNA for translation?
Which of the following is a protein that is involved in translation?
Which of the following is a protein that is involved in translation?
Which of the following structures interacts with ribosomes?
Which of the following structures interacts with ribosomes?
Cellular protein synthesis proceeds in which direction?
Cellular protein synthesis proceeds in which direction?
In eukaryotes, the circular structure of mRNA molecules undergoing translation serves to
In eukaryotes, the circular structure of mRNA molecules undergoing translation serves to
In which of these polymers are the monomers added one at a time?
In which of these polymers are the monomers added one at a time?
Okazaki fragments are small fragments of DNA that eventually are ligated to form which of the following strands of DNA?
Okazaki fragments are small fragments of DNA that eventually are ligated to form which of the following strands of DNA?
DNA replication begins at sequences called
DNA replication begins at sequences called
An enzyme that breaks DNA, dispels the tension, and reseals the strand ahead of a DNA replication growing fork is called a(n)
An enzyme that breaks DNA, dispels the tension, and reseals the strand ahead of a DNA replication growing fork is called a(n)
Silent mutations that occur under a variety of conditions in DNA results in which of the following?
Silent mutations that occur under a variety of conditions in DNA results in which of the following?
Which of the following lead(s) to a point mutation?
Which of the following lead(s) to a point mutation?
A Holliday structure is a(n)
A Holliday structure is a(n)
Which of the following are enzymes that play a key role in the base excision repair of nucleotide mismatches and damaged bases?
Which of the following are enzymes that play a key role in the base excision repair of nucleotide mismatches and damaged bases?
Thymine-thymine dimers are chemical adducts that develop in the DNA as a result of damage caused by which of the following?
Thymine-thymine dimers are chemical adducts that develop in the DNA as a result of damage caused by which of the following?
Viruses that use the lytic cycle of growth generally proceed through five general stages. Which one of the following shows the correct order of three of these stages?
Viruses that use the lytic cycle of growth generally proceed through five general stages. Which one of the following shows the correct order of three of these stages?
You have received a saliva sample from a group of veterinarians who think one of the dogs they are treating has rabies. Which of the following techniques would you use to determine not only if this sample contains viral particles, but how many viral particles are in the sample?
You have received a saliva sample from a group of veterinarians who think one of the dogs they are treating has rabies. Which of the following techniques would you use to determine not only if this sample contains viral particles, but how many viral particles are in the sample?
This type of assay can be used to count the number of viral particles in a sample.
This type of assay can be used to count the number of viral particles in a sample.
Flashcards
Central Dogma
Central Dogma
The flow of genetic information in a biological system, typically from DNA to RNA to protein.
Molecular Processes for Protein Production
Molecular Processes for Protein Production
The sequence is transcription, RNA processing, then translation.
DNA Strand Bonding
DNA Strand Bonding
Nucleotide bases within a single DNA strand are held together by phosphodiester bonds.
Base Pairing in DNA
Base Pairing in DNA
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DNA Manipulation Factors
DNA Manipulation Factors
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Melting Temperature (Tm) of DNA
Melting Temperature (Tm) of DNA
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Deoxyribonucleotide Constituent
Deoxyribonucleotide Constituent
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Double-Stranded DNA Base Pairs
Double-Stranded DNA Base Pairs
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Circular DNA Supercoiling
Circular DNA Supercoiling
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DNA Denaturation Usefulness
DNA Denaturation Usefulness
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Bacterial Gene Organization
Bacterial Gene Organization
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mRNA Processing Removal
mRNA Processing Removal
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Codon Wobble Position
Codon Wobble Position
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Eukaryotic Alternative Splicing
Eukaryotic Alternative Splicing
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Degenerate Genetic Code
Degenerate Genetic Code
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tRNA
tRNA
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Ribosomal Subunits
Ribosomal Subunits
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Polysomes
Polysomes
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DNA Replication Origin
DNA Replication Origin
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Topoisomerase
Topoisomerase
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Silent Mutation
Silent Mutation
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Point Mutation Cause
Point Mutation Cause
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Holliday Structure
Holliday Structure
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Base Excision Repair Enzymes
Base Excision Repair Enzymes
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Thymine-Thymine Dimer Cause
Thymine-Thymine Dimer Cause
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Lytic Bacteriophage Cycle
Lytic Bacteriophage Cycle
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Viral Particle Counting
Viral Particle Counting
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Study Notes
Nucleic Acid Structure
- The central dogma in biology describes the flow of genetic information: DNA to RNA to protein
- DNA nucleotides are held together by phosphodiester bonds
- DNA base pairing follows this pattern: Adenine (A) with Thymine (T), and Guanine (G) with Cytosine (C)
Molecular Processes
- The four basic molecular processes in a cell include transcription, RNA processing, translation, and, lastly, protein synthesis
- The correct order is: transcription, RNA processing, and translation
Nucleotide Composition
- Deoxyribonucleotides are crucial components of DNA
- Deoxyribonucleotides include: phosphate moieties, deoxyribose, and organic bases.
DNA Replication Factors
- Two important factors in DNA manipulation are magnesium ions and sugar concentrations
- DNA can twist back on its self to form supercoils when the circular structure is underwound
DNA Melting Temperature
- The melting temperature (Tm) of DNA is determined by the amount of G-C base pairs (higher G-C content means higher Tm)
Other Key Concepts
- The ability of DNA to denature is important in DNA synthesis and nucleic acid hybridization experiments
- Operons are common arrangements of genes encoding proteins that function together
- Non-protein-coding sequences (introns) are removed from RNA during processing
- The wobble position in codons is typically the third base
- Human genes are expressed as alternatively spliced mRNAs in approximately 90% of cases
- A codon is translated into an amino acid to build a protein using tRNA
- Ribosomes consist of 60S and 40S subunits in humans
- A polysome is when one mRNA simultaneously translates into many polypeptide chains
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Description
Test your knowledge on nucleic acid structure, molecular processes, and factors affecting DNA replication in this comprehensive quiz. Understand the central dogma, nucleotide composition, and the melting temperature of DNA. Perfect for students studying molecular biology.
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