18 Questions
What type of mutation results in a stop codon and leads to a nonfunctional protein?
Nonsense mutation
What is the consequence of an insertion or deletion mutation in the reading frame?
The reading frame is altered, leading to extensive missense
What type of gene is responsible for committing a cell to become skeletal muscle?
Master regulatory gene
What is the role of transcription factors in development?
To initiate transcription of specific genes
What is the result of a missense mutation?
A functional protein is produced but with an incorrect amino acid
What is the importance of MyoD protein in cell differentiation?
It commits the cell to becoming skeletal muscle
What is the role of the promoter in transcription?
To provide a binding site for RNA polymerase
During elongation, how many nucleotides are unwound at a time?
10-20 nucleotides
What is the function of the TATA box in transcription?
To provide a binding site for transcription factors
How many stages are there in the transcription of DNA into mRNA?
3 stages
What is the rate of transcription in eukaryotes?
40 nucleotides/sec
In prokaryotes, what marks the end of a transcription unit?
Terminator
What is the function of the anticodon on a tRNA molecule?
To bind to a codon on the mRNA
What is the result of a polyribosome?
Production of multiple copies of the same polypeptide
What is the role of the large subunit of the ribosome?
To translate the mRNA
What is the effect of a silent mutation?
No effect on the protein
What is the structure of a tRNA molecule?
A single-stranded RNA molecule with a cloverleaf shape
What is the result of reaching a stop codon during translation?
The polypeptide is released from the ribosome
Test your understanding of different types of mutations, including missense, nonsense, and frameshift mutations, and their impact on protein function. Learn how these mutations affect the reading frame and codon grouping.
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