Molecular Biology: Mutations and Their Effects
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Questions and Answers

What type of mutation results in a stop codon and leads to a nonfunctional protein?

  • Nonsense mutation (correct)
  • Insertion mutation
  • Frameshift mutation
  • Missense mutation

    • What is the consequence of an insertion or deletion mutation in the reading frame?

  • A stop codon is formed
  • The reading frame is altered, leading to extensive missense (correct)
  • The gene is not transcribed
  • A single amino acid is replaced

    • What type of gene is responsible for committing a cell to become skeletal muscle?

  • Master regulatory gene (correct)
  • Structural gene
  • Transcription factor gene
  • MyoD gene

    • What is the role of transcription factors in development?

    <p>To initiate transcription of specific genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a missense mutation?

    <p>A functional protein is produced but with an incorrect amino acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of MyoD protein in cell differentiation?

    <p>It commits the cell to becoming skeletal muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the promoter in transcription?

    <p>To provide a binding site for RNA polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During elongation, how many nucleotides are unwound at a time?

    <p>10-20 nucleotides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the TATA box in transcription?

    <p>To provide a binding site for transcription factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many stages are there in the transcription of DNA into mRNA?

    <p>3 stages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rate of transcription in eukaryotes?

    <p>40 nucleotides/sec</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In prokaryotes, what marks the end of a transcription unit?

    <p>Terminator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the anticodon on a tRNA molecule?

    <p>To bind to a codon on the mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a polyribosome?

    <p>Production of multiple copies of the same polypeptide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the large subunit of the ribosome?

    <p>To translate the mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a silent mutation?

    <p>No effect on the protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of a tRNA molecule?

    <p>A single-stranded RNA molecule with a cloverleaf shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of reaching a stop codon during translation?

    <p>The polypeptide is released from the ribosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

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