40 Questions
Who presented work in 1865 demonstrating that hereditary traits are passed onto progeny?
Mendel
What is the function of pancreatic deoxyribonuclease?
To degrade DNA
What characteristic of peas did Mendel follow in his experiments?
Round vs. wrinkled
Who took the first high-quality X-ray diffraction pictures of DNA?
Rosalind Franklin
What is the ratio of dominant to recessive traits in Mendel's experiments?
75% - 25%
What is the characteristic of the double helix structure of DNA?
Two strands are held together by weak chemical bonds
What determines the appearance of a trait in an individual?
Phenotype
What is the significance of the complementary strands in the double helix structure?
One strand serves as a template for the synthesis of the other
What is the genetic composition of an individual?
Genotype
What is the sugar-phosphate backbone composed of in DNA?
Nucleotide bases and a sugar-phosphate backbone
Who demonstrated in 1928 that non-virulent strains of bacteria become virulent when mixed with their heat-killed pathogenic counterparts?
Frederick Griffith
What is the characteristic of the 2’deoxyribose sugar backbone in DNA nucleotides?
Lacks a hydroxyl group at the 2’ position
What is the primary function of weak chemical bonds in molecular biology?
To mediate the interactions between proteins and DNA/RNA
What is the active genetic component that was demonstrated by Oswald T.Avery and his colleagues in 1944?
DNA
What is the function of the phosphate group in DNA nucleotides?
Attached to the sugar at the 5’-OH position
What is the term for a gene pair in which both the maternal and paternal genes are identical?
Homozygous
Which of the following is NOT a type of weak chemical bond?
Covalent bond
What is the distance between the phosphate backbone in the major and minor grooves?
The distance determines the major and minor grooves
What is the reason behind the unequal sharing of electrons in a water molecule?
The difference in electronegativity between oxygen and hydrogen
What is the partial charge on the hydrogen atom in a water molecule?
Partial positive charge
What is the term for the attraction between a covalently bound donor hydrogen atom and an acceptor atom?
Hydrogen bonding
Which of the following is a common hydrogen acceptor?
Nitrogen
What is the term for the electric dipole that forms in a water molecule?
Electric dipole
What is the primary function of covalent bonds in molecular biology?
To join amino acids together to make proteins and peptides
What is attached to the sugar at the 1' position?
A base
What type of linkage is formed between nucleotides in a DNA chain?
Phosphodiester linkage
Which of the following bases is a pyrimidine?
Thymine
What is the direction in which DNA is conventionally read?
5' to 3'
What is the result of the base pairing between complementary strands of DNA?
A complementary relationship between the two strands
What is the primary force responsible for the stability of the double helix?
Base stacking and π-π interactions
Which of the following base pairings is correct in DNA?
Adenine pairs with Thymine
What is the result of the disruption of water interactions with the bases in DNA?
Increased entropy
What causes Van der Waals Forces?
The electron clouds of two non-charged atoms influencing each other
What primarily determines the radius of Van der Waals interactions?
The Van der Waals radius of each molecule
What is the nature of ionic interactions discussed?
An attraction between two species of opposite charge
What causes hydrophobic interactions?
The exclusion of nonpolar groups by water
In the context of hydrophobic interactions, what analogy is useful?
Oil and water not mixing
What results in a net dipole throughout a helix?
The partial charges on the peptide carbonyl and amide nitrogen
What type of large-scale interaction is created by the net dipole in a helix?
Ionic interaction
Which terminus of the helix possesses a net positive charge?
Amino terminus
This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of molecular biology, specifically the passing of hereditary traits from one generation to the next, as demonstrated by Mendel's pea experiments.
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