Molecular Biology: Hereditary Traits
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Questions and Answers

Who presented work in 1865 demonstrating that hereditary traits are passed onto progeny?

  • Mohamed Abdraboh
  • Oswald T.Avery
  • Frederick Griffith
  • Mendel (correct)

What is the function of pancreatic deoxyribonuclease?

  • To degrade RNA
  • To synthesize RNA
  • To degrade DNA (correct)
  • To degrade protein

What characteristic of peas did Mendel follow in his experiments?

  • Shape and color
  • Yellow vs. green
  • Size and weight
  • Round vs. wrinkled (correct)

Who took the first high-quality X-ray diffraction pictures of DNA?

<p>Rosalind Franklin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ratio of dominant to recessive traits in Mendel's experiments?

<p>75% - 25% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the double helix structure of DNA?

<p>Two strands are held together by weak chemical bonds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the appearance of a trait in an individual?

<p>Phenotype (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the complementary strands in the double helix structure?

<p>One strand serves as a template for the synthesis of the other (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the genetic composition of an individual?

<p>Genotype (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the sugar-phosphate backbone composed of in DNA?

<p>Nucleotide bases and a sugar-phosphate backbone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who demonstrated in 1928 that non-virulent strains of bacteria become virulent when mixed with their heat-killed pathogenic counterparts?

<p>Frederick Griffith (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the 2’deoxyribose sugar backbone in DNA nucleotides?

<p>Lacks a hydroxyl group at the 2’ position (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of weak chemical bonds in molecular biology?

<p>To mediate the interactions between proteins and DNA/RNA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the active genetic component that was demonstrated by Oswald T.Avery and his colleagues in 1944?

<p>DNA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the phosphate group in DNA nucleotides?

<p>Attached to the sugar at the 5’-OH position (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a gene pair in which both the maternal and paternal genes are identical?

<p>Homozygous (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of weak chemical bond?

<p>Covalent bond (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distance between the phosphate backbone in the major and minor grooves?

<p>The distance determines the major and minor grooves (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason behind the unequal sharing of electrons in a water molecule?

<p>The difference in electronegativity between oxygen and hydrogen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the partial charge on the hydrogen atom in a water molecule?

<p>Partial positive charge (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the attraction between a covalently bound donor hydrogen atom and an acceptor atom?

<p>Hydrogen bonding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common hydrogen acceptor?

<p>Nitrogen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the electric dipole that forms in a water molecule?

<p>Electric dipole (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of covalent bonds in molecular biology?

<p>To join amino acids together to make proteins and peptides (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is attached to the sugar at the 1' position?

<p>A base (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of linkage is formed between nucleotides in a DNA chain?

<p>Phosphodiester linkage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bases is a pyrimidine?

<p>Thymine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction in which DNA is conventionally read?

<p>5' to 3' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the base pairing between complementary strands of DNA?

<p>A complementary relationship between the two strands (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary force responsible for the stability of the double helix?

<p>Base stacking and π-π interactions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following base pairings is correct in DNA?

<p>Adenine pairs with Thymine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the disruption of water interactions with the bases in DNA?

<p>Increased entropy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes Van der Waals Forces?

<p>The electron clouds of two non-charged atoms influencing each other (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primarily determines the radius of Van der Waals interactions?

<p>The Van der Waals radius of each molecule (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the nature of ionic interactions discussed?

<p>An attraction between two species of opposite charge (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes hydrophobic interactions?

<p>The exclusion of nonpolar groups by water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of hydrophobic interactions, what analogy is useful?

<p>Oil and water not mixing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What results in a net dipole throughout a helix?

<p>The partial charges on the peptide carbonyl and amide nitrogen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of large-scale interaction is created by the net dipole in a helix?

<p>Ionic interaction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which terminus of the helix possesses a net positive charge?

<p>Amino terminus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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