Molecular Biology: Hereditary Traits
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Questions and Answers

Who presented work in 1865 demonstrating that hereditary traits are passed onto progeny?

  • Mohamed Abdraboh
  • Oswald T.Avery
  • Frederick Griffith
  • Mendel (correct)

    • What is the function of pancreatic deoxyribonuclease?

  • To degrade RNA
  • To synthesize RNA
  • To degrade DNA (correct)
  • To degrade protein

    • What characteristic of peas did Mendel follow in his experiments?

  • Shape and color
  • Yellow vs. green
  • Size and weight
  • Round vs. wrinkled (correct)

    • Who took the first high-quality X-ray diffraction pictures of DNA?

    <p>Rosalind Franklin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ratio of dominant to recessive traits in Mendel's experiments?

    <p>75% - 25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the double helix structure of DNA?

    <p>Two strands are held together by weak chemical bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the appearance of a trait in an individual?

    <p>Phenotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the complementary strands in the double helix structure?

    <p>One strand serves as a template for the synthesis of the other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the genetic composition of an individual?

    <p>Genotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sugar-phosphate backbone composed of in DNA?

    <p>Nucleotide bases and a sugar-phosphate backbone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who demonstrated in 1928 that non-virulent strains of bacteria become virulent when mixed with their heat-killed pathogenic counterparts?

    <p>Frederick Griffith</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the 2’deoxyribose sugar backbone in DNA nucleotides?

    <p>Lacks a hydroxyl group at the 2’ position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of weak chemical bonds in molecular biology?

    <p>To mediate the interactions between proteins and DNA/RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the active genetic component that was demonstrated by Oswald T.Avery and his colleagues in 1944?

    <p>DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the phosphate group in DNA nucleotides?

    <p>Attached to the sugar at the 5’-OH position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a gene pair in which both the maternal and paternal genes are identical?

    <p>Homozygous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of weak chemical bond?

    <p>Covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distance between the phosphate backbone in the major and minor grooves?

    <p>The distance determines the major and minor grooves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason behind the unequal sharing of electrons in a water molecule?

    <p>The difference in electronegativity between oxygen and hydrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the partial charge on the hydrogen atom in a water molecule?

    <p>Partial positive charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the attraction between a covalently bound donor hydrogen atom and an acceptor atom?

    <p>Hydrogen bonding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common hydrogen acceptor?

    <p>Nitrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the electric dipole that forms in a water molecule?

    <p>Electric dipole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of covalent bonds in molecular biology?

    <p>To join amino acids together to make proteins and peptides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is attached to the sugar at the 1' position?

    <p>A base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of linkage is formed between nucleotides in a DNA chain?

    <p>Phosphodiester linkage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bases is a pyrimidine?

    <p>Thymine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction in which DNA is conventionally read?

    <p>5' to 3'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the base pairing between complementary strands of DNA?

    <p>A complementary relationship between the two strands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary force responsible for the stability of the double helix?

    <p>Base stacking and π-π interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following base pairings is correct in DNA?

    <p>Adenine pairs with Thymine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the disruption of water interactions with the bases in DNA?

    <p>Increased entropy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes Van der Waals Forces?

    <p>The electron clouds of two non-charged atoms influencing each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily determines the radius of Van der Waals interactions?

    <p>The Van der Waals radius of each molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nature of ionic interactions discussed?

    <p>An attraction between two species of opposite charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes hydrophobic interactions?

    <p>The exclusion of nonpolar groups by water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of hydrophobic interactions, what analogy is useful?

    <p>Oil and water not mixing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What results in a net dipole throughout a helix?

    <p>The partial charges on the peptide carbonyl and amide nitrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of large-scale interaction is created by the net dipole in a helix?

    <p>Ionic interaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which terminus of the helix possesses a net positive charge?

    <p>Amino terminus</p> Signup and view all the answers

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