PSY1BNA week 9

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What is the primary characteristic of hereditary material?

Its ability to change the behavior of an organism

Its ability to replicate and pass information from one generation to the next (correct)

Its ability to control the development of an organism

Its ability to mutate over time

What is the name of the Austrian monk who discovered the rules of inheritance of traits in organisms?

James Watson

Rosalind Franklin

Francis Crick

Gregor Mendel (correct)

What is the term for the study of the material that influences how organisms develop, function, and behave?

Genetics (correct)

Molecular Biology

Evolutionary Biology

Physiology

What is the main focus of population genetics?

The study of genetic variation in populations Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the discovery of the structure of DNA?

It led to a comprehensive analysis of the hereditary material in humans and other organisms Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary application of genetics in society?

Agriculture and medicine Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of cytokinesis in the cell cycle?

Division of the cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the state in which cells no longer divide, as seen in some muscle cells?

G0 Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the fusion of two gametes in fertilization?

A diploid set of 46 chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of meiosis I?

To separate chromosome pairs Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the specific location of a gene on a chromosome?

Locus Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the random assortment of maternal and paternal chromosomes during meiosis?

New combinations of parental genes are produced Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the cells that undergo meiosis and produce gametes?

Germ cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the number of cells produced at the end of meiosis II?

Four Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which cells become specialized to perform specific functions?

Differentiation Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition associated with accelerated aging, characterized by an abnormal number of cell divisions?

Progeria Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between a monogenic trait and a polygenic trait?

Monogenic traits are controlled by a single gene, while polygenic traits are controlled by multiple genes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of multi-factorial traits that distinguishes them from complex traits?

Multi-factorial traits have a clear relative contribution of genes and environment, while complex traits do not. Signup and view all the answers

Why do females have only a single active X chromosome in each cell?

Because the extra X chromosome is inactivated to avoid a doubling of gene expression. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of qualitative traits?

They have distinct categories or classes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the study of the inheritance of traits in organisms?

Genetics Signup and view all the answers

Why do polygenic traits show a range of phenotypes?

Because multiple genes contribute additively to the phenotype. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the condition where each type of chromosome is represented by two homologous chromosomes?

Diploid Signup and view all the answers

What is the region of a chromosome where microtubules attach during mitosis and meiosis?

Centromere Signup and view all the answers

How many chromosomes do autosomal chromosomes account for?

22 Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical characteristic of the Y chromosome?

Small and contains few genes Signup and view all the answers

What is the process described by the following steps: each cell duplicates its chromosomes, then divides to yield 2 daughter cells, and then each daughter cell divides again to split the chromosomes into single chromatids?

Meiosis Signup and view all the answers

What type of genes are found on the sex chromosomes?

Sex-linked genes Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the copies of a gene during the formation of egg and sperm?

They separate from each other Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of regulating gene expression?

To give the cell control over its function and structure Signup and view all the answers