PSY1BNA week 9
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary characteristic of hereditary material?

  • Its ability to change the behavior of an organism
  • Its ability to replicate and pass information from one generation to the next (correct)
  • Its ability to control the development of an organism
  • Its ability to mutate over time

    • What is the name of the Austrian monk who discovered the rules of inheritance of traits in organisms?

  • James Watson
  • Rosalind Franklin
  • Francis Crick
  • Gregor Mendel (correct)

    • What is the term for the study of the material that influences how organisms develop, function, and behave?

  • Genetics (correct)
  • Molecular Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Physiology

    • What is the main focus of population genetics?

    <p>The study of genetic variation in populations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the discovery of the structure of DNA?

    <p>It led to a comprehensive analysis of the hereditary material in humans and other organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary application of genetics in society?

    <p>Agriculture and medicine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of cytokinesis in the cell cycle?

    <p>Division of the cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the state in which cells no longer divide, as seen in some muscle cells?

    <p>G0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the fusion of two gametes in fertilization?

    <p>A diploid set of 46 chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of meiosis I?

    <p>To separate chromosome pairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the specific location of a gene on a chromosome?

    <p>Locus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the random assortment of maternal and paternal chromosomes during meiosis?

    <p>New combinations of parental genes are produced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the cells that undergo meiosis and produce gametes?

    <p>Germ cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of cells produced at the end of meiosis II?

    <p>Four</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which cells become specialized to perform specific functions?

    <p>Differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition associated with accelerated aging, characterized by an abnormal number of cell divisions?

    <p>Progeria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between a monogenic trait and a polygenic trait?

    <p>Monogenic traits are controlled by a single gene, while polygenic traits are controlled by multiple genes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of multi-factorial traits that distinguishes them from complex traits?

    <p>Multi-factorial traits have a clear relative contribution of genes and environment, while complex traits do not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do females have only a single active X chromosome in each cell?

    <p>Because the extra X chromosome is inactivated to avoid a doubling of gene expression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of qualitative traits?

    <p>They have distinct categories or classes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of the inheritance of traits in organisms?

    <p>Genetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do polygenic traits show a range of phenotypes?

    <p>Because multiple genes contribute additively to the phenotype.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the condition where each type of chromosome is represented by two homologous chromosomes?

    <p>Diploid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the region of a chromosome where microtubules attach during mitosis and meiosis?

    <p>Centromere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many chromosomes do autosomal chromosomes account for?

    <p>22</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical characteristic of the Y chromosome?

    <p>Small and contains few genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process described by the following steps: each cell duplicates its chromosomes, then divides to yield 2 daughter cells, and then each daughter cell divides again to split the chromosomes into single chromatids?

    <p>Meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of genes are found on the sex chromosomes?

    <p>Sex-linked genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the copies of a gene during the formation of egg and sperm?

    <p>They separate from each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of regulating gene expression?

    <p>To give the cell control over its function and structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of genes are expressed in all cells and code for essential proteins?

    <p>Housekeeping genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of DNA methylation?

    <p>Formation of compact, inactive chromatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure composed of in a chromosome?

    <p>DNA and histons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are sister chromatids connected by?

    <p>A centrosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

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